THM and HAA formation from NOM in raw and treated surface waters

Occurrence of nitrogenous and carbonaceous disinfection byproducts in drinking water distributed in Shenzhen, China

Although disinfection by-products (DBPs) occur in complex mixtures, studies evaluating health risks have been focused in few chemicals. In the framework of an epidemiological study on cancer in 11 Spanish provinces, we describe the concentration of four trihalomethanes (THMs), nine haloacetic acids (HAA), 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), four haloacetonitries, two haloketones, chloropicrin and chloral hydrate and estimate correlations. A total of 233 tap water samples were collected in 2010. Principal component analyses were conducted to reduce dimensionality of DBPs. Overall median (range) level of THMs and HAAs was 26.4 (0.8–98.1) and 26.4 (0.9–86.9) mg/l, respectively (N¼ 217). MX analysed in a subset (N ¼36) showed a median (range) concentration of 16.7 (0.8–54.1) ng/l. Haloacetonitries, haloketones, chloropicrin and chloral hydrate were analysed in a subset (N¼ 16), showing levels from unquantifiable (o1 mg/l) to 5.5 mg/l (dibromoacetonitrile). Spearman rank correlation coefficients between DBPs varied between species and across areas, being

Concentrations and correlations of disinfection by-products in municipal drinking water from an exposure assessment perspective

Influence of granular activated carbon media properties on natural organic matter and disinfection by-product precursor removal from drinking water.

https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/167597/1/Chemical%20characterization%20and%20relative%20toxicity%20assessment%20of%20disinfection%20byproduct%20mixtures%20in%20a%20large%20drinking%20water%20supply%20network.pdf

Chemical characterization and relative toxicity assessment of disinfection byproduct mixtures in a large drinking water supply network.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15275922.2014.890145

Spatial and Seasonal Variations of Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs) in Drinking Water Distribution Systems of Istanbul City, Turkey

Natural organic matter (NOM) and its potential to form disinfection by-products (DBPs) during water treatment are of great public health concern. Understanding the seasonal changes in NOM composition and their reactivity in DBP formation could lead to a better treatment of drinking water and a more consistent water quality. NOM from the Terkos Lake was fractionated and characterized by XAD resin adsorption and ultrafiltration (UF) techniques during four different seasons within a year. XAD fraction analysis indicates that the HPI (38%) and the TPI (21%) were the dominant chemical fractions as DOC masses across the sampling period. Moreover, the fractions contributing to the most UV254 absorbance were HPO, which accounted for more than 72% of total UV254. It was found that the percentages of UV254 of HPI and TPI showed significant amount of variation with coefficients of variation of 48% (HPI) and 35% (TPI), respectively. Moreover, it was concluded that the HPO fraction was the primary THM precursor, which contributed more than 48%, and while the primary fraction of HAA precursors was found to be TPI, accounting for more than 47% of total HAAFP with exceptions in January 2011. As obviously seen in this study, the hydrophobic constituents in Terkos Lake water are on the low end of the spectrum in terms of their reactivity to form HAAs. In the context of THM reactivity, the physical properties (i.e., moleculer size) of Terkos Lake NOM are more important than their chemical properties (i.e., aromaticity). On the other hand, the predominant fraction as the source of HAAs precursors was found to be with the TPI and HPI chemical fractions. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 962–971, 2014

Senay Soylu

Papers

Spatial and Seasonal Variations of Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs) in Drinking Water Distribution Systems of Istanbul City, Turkey

Seasonal variations of NOM composition and their reactivity in a low humic water