Showing papers by "Seongwon Seo published in 2022"
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present an overview of existing benchmark systems documented in seventeen cases from the IEA EBC Annex 72 project on LCA of buildings and compare the performance of different types of methodological background and reported values.
Abstract: Life cycle assessment (LCA) is increasingly being used as a tool by the building industry and actors to assess the global warming potential (GWP) of building activities. In several countries, life cycle based requirements on GWP are currently being incorporated into building regulations. After the establishment of general calculation rules for building LCA, a crucial next step is to evaluate the performance of the specific building design. For this, reference values or benchmarks are needed, but there are several approaches to defining these. This study presents an overview of existing benchmark systems documented in seventeen cases from the IEA EBC Annex 72 project on LCA of buildings. The study characterizes their different types of methodological background and displays the reported values. Full life cycle target values for residential and non-residential buildings are found around 10-20 kg CO2e/m2/y, whereas reference values are found between 20-80 kg CO2e/m2/y. Possible embodied target- and reference values are found between 1-12 kg CO2e/m2/y for both residential and non-residential buildings. Benchmark stakeholders can use the insights from this study to understand the justifications of the background methodological choices and to gain an overview of the level of GWP performance across benchmark systems.
3 citations
TL;DR: A new species, Goodyera crassifolia (Orchidaceae: Orchidoideae; Cranichideae), distributed on offshore islands in southwestern Korea and in Japan, is described and illustrated, characterized by having thick and fleshy leaves with pale green markings on the midrib.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a hand-held laser methane detector (LMD) technique has been suggested as an alternative method for measuring methane emissions from enteric fermentation of ruminants in the field.
Abstract: The hand-held laser methane detector (LMD) technique has been suggested as an alternative method for measuring methane (CH4) emissions from enteric fermentation of ruminants in the field. This study aimed to establish a standard procedure for using LMD to assess CH4 production in cattle and evaluate the efficacy of the protocol to detect differences in CH4 emissions from cattle fed with diets of different forage-to-concentrate (FC) ratios. Experiment 1 was conducted with four Hanwoo steers (584 ± 57.4 kg body weight (BW)) individually housed in metabolic cages. The LMD was installed on a tripod aimed at the animal's nostril, and the CH4 concentration in the exhaled gas was measured for 6 min every hour for two consecutive days. For the data processing, the CH4 concentration peaks were identified by the automatic multi-scale peak detection algorithm. The peaks were then separated into those from respiration and eructation by fitting combinations of two of the four distribution functions (normal, log-normal, gamma, and Weibull) using the mixdist R package. In addition, the most appropriate time and number of consecutive measurements to represent the daily average CH4 concentration were determined. In Experiment 2, 30 Hanwoo growing steers (343 ± 24.6 kg BW), blocked by body weight, were randomly divided into three groups. Three different diets were provided to each group: high FC ratio (35:65) with low energy concentrate (HFC-LEC), high FC ratio with high energy concentrate (HFC-HEC), and low FC ratio (25:75) with high energy concentrate (LFC-HEC). After ten days of feeding the diets, the CH4 concentrations for all steers were measured and analyzed in duplicate according to the protocol established in Experiment 1. In Experiment 1, the mean correlation coefficient between the CH4 concentration from respiration and eructation was highest when a combination of two normal distributions was assumed (r = 0.79). The most appropriate measurement times were four times, two hours and one hour before, and one hour and two hours after morning feeding. Compared with LFC-HEC, HFC-LEC showed 49% and 57% higher CH4 concentrations in exhaled gas from respiration and eructation, respectively (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the LMD method can be applied to evaluate differences in CH4 emissions in cattle using the protocol established in this study.
2 citations
TL;DR: The authors investigated candidate proteins related to long-term caloric restriction and feed efficiency in bovine longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) and found that heat shock protein beta-6 may be an adipogenic protein involved in the mechanism of caloric restriction.
Abstract: Abstract We aimed to investigate candidate proteins related to long-term caloric restriction and feed efficiency in bovine longissimus dorsi muscle (LM). A total of 31 Korean native steers were randomly distributed to ad libitum (n = 16) or caloric restriction group (n = 15) to conduct two feeding trials for 13 mon. In the first trial (10–18 mon of age), steers were fed with 100% ad libitum (NEg = 0.63 Mcal/kg) or caloric restriction (80% of the previous day’s feed intake of ad libitum group). In the second trial (18–23 mon of age), the energy value of 100% ad libitum diet was 1.13 Mcal/kg NEg and those in caloric restriction group diet was 0.72 Mcal/kg NEg. At the endpoint of this experiment, in each group, 6 animals were selected with high (n = 3) or low feed efficiency (n = 3) to collect muscle tissue samples (6 animals/group). From muscle tissues of 23 mo of age, we excavated 9 and 12 differentially expressed (two-fold or more) proteins in a nutritional group and feed efficiency group using two-dimensional electrophoresis, respectively. Of these proteins, heat shock protein beta-6 was up-regulated in both the caloric restriction and the low feed efficiency group. In bovine embryonic fibroblasts, the mRNA expression of heat shock protein beta-6 increased after adipogenic differentiation, however, decreased after myogenic differentiation. Our data provide that heat shock protein beta-6 may be an adipogenic protein involved in the mechanism of caloric restriction and feed efficiency in the LM of the steer.
TL;DR: For example, the authors showed that variable importance in projection scores can affect the performance of projection scores in NMR NMR spectroscopy tasks, and variable importance is a significant factor in the NMR projection scores.
Abstract: 이번 연구는 양성자 핵자기공명분광기를 이용하여 고온스트레스에 따른 Holstein 수소의 반추위액과 혈액 내 대사체 프로파일링을 실시하였다. 실험동물은 Holstein 수소 6마리를 이용하였다. 반추위액과 혈액은 적온기(OTP, THI : 64.92)와 고온기(HTP, THI : 79.13)환경에서 아침 사료 급여 전 각각 채취하였다. 샘플들의 대사체는 proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) spectroscopy를 이용하여 분석하였다. 대사체들의 정성 및 정량화는 Chenomx NMR Suite 8.4 software를 이용하여 실시하였다. 통계분석은 Metaboanalyst 5.0 program을 이용하여 t -test, principal component analysis, partial least square-discriminant analysis 및 variable importance in projection scores 결과를 도출하였다. 반추위액에서는 riboflavin이 OTP group에서, betaine과 succinate는 HTP group에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높았다. Glucose-1-phosphate와 acetate는 OTP group에서 유의적으로 높은 경향(0.05≤p<0.1)을 보였다. 혈액에서는 methanol과 sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine은 OTP group에서, 5-methoxysalicylate와 N -nitrosodimethylamine은 HTP group에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높았다. Pyruvate, acetoacetate, lactate 및 3-hydroxybutyrate는 HTP group에서 유의적으로 높은 경향(0.05≤p<0.1)을 보였다. 이번 연구의 대사체 결과들은 추후 Holstein 수소의 고온스트레스 진단을 위한 bio-marker 탐색 연구자료로 활용 할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors evaluated NEL prediction equations used in cattle feeding systems and classified them into three tiers based on the variables: Tier 1 (all three nutrients), Tier 2 (fat and protein), and Tier 3 (fat).
Abstract: The net energy requirement for lactation (NEL) equals the milk energy, which is the sum of the energy content from the energy-yielding nutrients in milk. The specific nutrients and their calories, however, vary depending on the feeding system. The objective of this study was to evaluate NEL prediction equations used in cattle feeding systems. A total of 11 equations from 6 feeding systems were assessed. For evaluation, a database was constructed based on the literature, and data for three nutrients (lactose, fat, and protein) were used to evaluate the equations. The equations were classified into three tiers based on the variables: Tier 1 (all three nutrients), Tier 2 (fat and protein), and Tier 3 (fat). NEL predicted by the equations were comparatively evaluated based on a reference value computed using Tyrrell and Reid’s equation. All equations showed high predictivity (in order, Tier 1, 2, and 3). Tier 1 equations showed a nearly perfect fit; however, for accurately predicting NEL, at least Tier 2 equations are recommended. The predictivity of theoretically derived equations was as high, or higher, as the predictivity of empirical equations. Thus, empirical development of an accurate equation to predict NEL, which requires a large amount of data, can be avoided.
TL;DR: For instance, this article found that 74.4% of the respondents agreed with the following conclusions: 1.8% of those who agreed with these results: "I don't know" and "I do not know" (1.8%).
Abstract: 본 연구는 국내 낙농가의 정밀 축산 기술이 적용된 장비의 사용 현황을 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 국내 전체 낙농가의 74.4%에 해당하는 4,800 농가를 대상으로 2018년 9월부터 10월까지 약 2개월간 우편을 통한 설문 조사를 수행하였다. 배부한 4,800건의 설문지 중 3,087건이 회수되었으며, 이 중 내용을 식별할 수 없는 91건을 제외한 2,996개 농가(국내 낙농가의 46.4%)의 응답이 현황 분석에 사용되었다. 분석 결과, 80% 이상의 농가에서 텐덤 및 헤링본식 착유장 시설을 사용하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 응답 농가의 24% 및 5%가 각각 유량계와 유질 분석기를 사용하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 자동 착유 시스템(로봇 착유기)을 사용하는 농가는 1.8%에 불과한 것으로 나타났다. 전체 응답 농가 중 약 20%의 농가가 군사형 농후사료 자동 급이기(625개 농가)와 착용형 무선 생체 센서(591개 농가)를 사용하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 환경정보 수집 장비는 전체 2,996개의 응답 농가 중 10.7%만이 보유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 설문 조사에 참여한 농가의 약 5분의 1이 개체별 데이터를 수집하기 위한 정밀 낙농 기술이 적용된 장비를 최소 한 대 이상 보유하고 있음이 확인되었다.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors evaluated the ruminal fermentation, palatability, and nutrient digestibility of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai (SQ) for Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) using in vitro rumen fermentation, in situ rumen degradability and in vivo feeding trials.
Abstract: Objective Recently, indigenous Korean grass Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai (SQ) has garnered much interest as a roughage source for livestock to mitigate its adverse effects on habitat diversity. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the ruminal fermentation, palatability, and nutrient digestibility of SQ for Korean native beef cattle (Hanwoo) using in vitro rumen fermentation, in situ rumen degradability, and in vivo feeding trials. Methods Using in vitro tests with rumen fluid as the inoculum for 48 h, ruminal fermentation of SQ was evaluated and compared with that of other roughage sources commonly used in Korea (i.e., rice straw, Timothy hay, and Italian ryegrass [IRG]). Additionally, an in situ trial 96 h was performed using three cannulated Hanwoo steers. Further, an in vivo trial was performed using eight Hanwoo steers to compare the palatability of SQ with rice straw in total mixed ration (TMR) and forage-concentrate separate feeding conditions. Finally, an in vivo digestibility trial of SQ fed as TMR of two particle sizes was performed with four Hanwoo steers. Results In vitro and in situ trials revealed that SQ was comparable or superior to rice straw in terms of the ruminal fermentation characteristics of pH, gas production, total volatile fatty acid content, and effective ruminal dry matter digestibility (DMD), although its fermentability was lower than that of Timothy hay and IRG. In the palatability test, steers showed a greater preference for SQ when given as TMR. The total tract DMD of SQ fed as TMR was 75.9%±1.37%, and it did not differ by particle size. Conclusion The feed value of SQ as a roughage source for Hanwoo steers is comparable or superior to that of rice straw, particularly when provided as TMR.