Treatment of landfill leachate using membrane bioreactors: A review

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has been extensively employed for various industrial wastewater treatments due to its distinct advantages over conventional technologies. To provide present state and development trends of MBR technology used for industrial wastewater treatments, the authors reviewed and analyzed more than 300 scientific publications. They present an overview of the most recent development of MBR technology for treatment of industrial wastewaters (e.g., food processing, pulp and paper, textile, tannery, landfill leachate, pharmaceutical, oily and petrochemical wastewaters). Moreover, they discuss the operational characteristics, fouling characteristics, fouling control strategies, and costs of MBRs in industrial wastewater treatments. Based on the present information on MBR technology, the authors discuss further research aspects of MBRs in industrial wastewater treatments.

Membrane Bioreactors for Industrial Wastewater Treatment: A Critical Review

Landfill leachate treatment in Brazil - An overview.

More and more stringent requirements for pollution control and the implementation of the new discharge standard for landfill leachate make the development and application of landfill leachate treatment a research focus. The aim of the review is to determine appropriate technique for effective treatment of landfill leachate. In the paper, various leachate treatment technologies are presented and summarized, the key control parameters and some main problems are discussed from a technological point of view. It is proposed that the improvement of existing technical and the development and industrial application of a new treatment for landfill leachate are necessary. The development and application of integrated leachate treatment process of different physical, biological and chemical technologies could be a suitable option to reduce the contamination levels of leachate. Particularly, advanced oxidation technologies and an efficient integration between physical–chemical processes and biochemical processes are indicated as a significant research direction of new technology development.

The present status of landfill leachate treatment and its development trend from a technological point of view

The membrane-biofilm reactor (MBfR) as a counter-diffusional biofilm process.

Stripping/flocculation/membrane bioreactor/reverse osmosis treatment of municipal landfill leachate

Bio-reduction of tetrachloroethen using a H2-based membrane biofilm reactor and community fingerprinting.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of radiotherapy (RT) on the supraspinatus, long head of the biceps and subscapularis tendons, and shoulder subcutenous fat tissue. 
Methods: Patients diagnosed with breast cancer who received RT to the anterior chest wall and axillary-supraclavicular region after breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy in our hospital. Overall, 56 (36 RT, 20 control group) patients were enrolled in this study. Pre-RT, post-RT 6-week, 3-month, and 6-month ultrasonographic and clinical assessments were performed. 
Results: The mean interval between surgery and RT was 5.6 (range: 2-8) months. Ten (27.7%) patients developed ultrasonographic abnormalities during the post-RT period. However, only 2 of these patients had shoulder pain and restricted range of motion in the shoulder. The thickness of the supraspinatus, biceps and subscapularis tendons were similar between the dominant and non-dominant sides of the control and RT group patients (5.7 mm vs. 5.1 mm, 2.87 mm vs. 2.89 mm, and 4.13 mm vs. 3.97 mm; respectively, p > 0.05). Thirteen patients were given RT on the ipsilateral side, and 23 received RT on the contralateral side. The pre-RT supraspinatus tendon thickness was significantly higher in the ipsilateral group than in the contralateral group (p = 0.026). However, there was no significant difference in the post-RT period (p = 0.408). 
Conclusions: In breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant RT, RT may cause temporary edema in shoulder tendons. In addition, shoulder pain and restricted range of motion of the shoulder joint can be present in these patients.

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Serdar Karatas

Papers

Stripping/flocculation/membrane bioreactor/reverse osmosis treatment of municipal landfill leachate

Bio-reduction of tetrachloroethen using a H2-based membrane biofilm reactor and community fingerprinting.

Investigation of the impact of radiotherapy on the shoulder joint by ultrasonography in breast cancer patients