Objective: There were interruptions in the maintenance and access to family planning services globally during the pandemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the Family Planning attitude and the fear and the perceived risk of COVID-19 in women of reproductive age. 
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted face-to-face with 423 women in a training and research hospital in December 2021. In the data collection form; Introductory information form, Attitude towards Family Planning Scale, Fear COVID-19 Scale and COVID-19 Perceived Risk Scale were included. In the analysis of the data, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests were used. Spearman's Correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationships between scale scores. 
Results: The mean age of the participants was 36.75±7.56. During the pandemic period, 5.4% (n=23) of the participants stated that they had experienced unplanned pregnancy and 5.7% (n=24) experienced miscarriage. There was a statistically significant negative and weak correlation (r=-0.143; p=0.003) between the Participants' Attitudes Towards Family Planning Methods subscale and the Fear COVID-19 Scale, and the total score of the Attitudes Towards Family Planning Scale and the COVID-19 Perceived Risk Scale There was a statistically significant negative and weak correlation between emotional subscale scores (r=-0.131; p=0.007). 
Conclusion: Considering the findings such as experiencing unwanted pregnancy and miscarriage during the pandemic process, withdrawal being the most frequently used method among the participants in the last two months, etc., it is considered that there is an unmet need for family planning during the pandemic process.

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The Relationship Between Family Planning Attitude and, Fear of COVID-19 and Perceived Risk of COVID-19 among in Women of Reproductive Age During the Pandemic Process

Background: The study aimed to determine the relationship between nurses’ perceived risk of COVID-19, knowledge, use and attitudes of complementary and alternative medicine practices during the pandemic. 
Methods: The cross-sectional research was conducted between February 2021 and March 2021 in a training and research hospital in Turkey. The sample consisted of 250 nurses who volunteered to participate in the study and met the inclusion criteria. The data were collected with the Personal Information Form, the Attitudes Towards Holistic Complementary and Alternative Medicine Questionnaire, and the COVID-19 Perceived Risk Scale. The Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis test and Spearman’s correlation test were used for data analysis. 
Results: The mean age of the participants was 31.17±7.65. The mean scores of Holistic Complementary Alternative Medicine Questionnaire of the participants who used complementary and alternative medicine practices to protect themselves against COVID-19 were significantly lower than the mean scores of the participants who did not use (Z=3851; p=0.018). No statistically significant correlation was found between the mean scores of Holistic Complementary Alternative Medicine Questionnaire of the participants and the COVID-19 Perceived Risk Scale (p > 0.05). 
Conclusion: The study revealed that the perceived COVID-19 risk level of the nurses was above the average and the level of knowledge about complementary and alternative medicine practices was low. It also determined that the nurses’ perceived risk of COVID-19 and their attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicine practices were not related to each other.

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The relationship between nurses’ perceived risk of COVID-19, knowledge, use and attitudes of complementary and alternative medicine practices during the pandemic: a cross-sectional study

Objective : The objective of this study is to determine the effect of health education supported with motivational interviewing on medication adherence of COVID-19 patients receiving home care. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in Gelibolu between the dates of June 2021 - January 2022. Participants who meet the inclusion criteria of the study were assigned to the intervention group (50) and control group (50) using the block randomization method. Data of the study were obtained with the “Sociodemographic Questionnaire Form” and “Medication Treatment Satisfaction Level” which were developed by the researchers according to the literature and also “Medication Adherence Reporting Scale”. The “Medicine Calendar” was used to track the drug use status of all participants. Data obtained were evaluated with the statistical analysis of percentage, frequency, mean, Mann Whitney U, Perason Ki Square and Wilcoxon test using SPSS 22.00 program. Results and Conclusion : At the end of the study, the mean “Medication Adherence Reporting Scale” score of the participants in the intervention group (16.12±5.37) was higher than the mean score of the participants in the control group (9.96±5.62) (p<0,05). In group comparison; ıt was observed that the mean score of the “ Medication Adherence Reporting Scale” (16.12±5.37) of the intervention group after the study was statistically significantly increased compared to the mean score of the pre-study scale (11.02±4.03) (p<0,05). However, it was evaluated that the mean score of the intervention group was below the cut-off point (20.00) and drug compliance was still at a low level. In the in-group comparison of the control group; It was observed that the mean score of the “Medication Adherence Reporting Scale” (9.96±5.62) after the study decreased statistically significantly compared to the mean score of the pre-study scale (11.40±4.93) (p<0,05). This has demonstrated that health education supported by motivational interviewing provided by nurses is an important component to improve medication adherence.

Effect of health education supported with motivational ınterviewing on medication adherence of COVID-19 patients receiving home care

Objective: The coronavirus disease (COVID 19) is a significant problem that affects occupational fatigue and stress level of nurses working at the forefront of the pandemic. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between occupational fatigue and perceived stress level among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. 
Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1441 nurses between May 23 and June 7, 2020 using online questionnaire in Turkey. 
Results: Nurses' occupational fatigue scale scores were moderate to high in chronic and acute fatigue sub-dimensions and moderate to low in the recovery sub-dimension. Furthermore, the average stress level perceived by nurses was reported to be high in this study. 
Conclusion: It is extremely important for long working hours to be addressed so that nurses can recover and cope with stress during this ongoing pandemic.

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The relationship between occupational fatigue and perceived stress level among nurses during the covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study from turkey

Objective: It is considered that evaluation of the stress level, in crisis situations, will provide a valuable source of the crisis intervention. The aim of the study was to test the Turkish validity and reliability of the COVID-19 Stress Scales. 
Method: This methodological study was conducted between December 2020 and January 2021 with 841 nursing students and online. The data collection form included socio-demographical characteristics of the participants, COVID-19 Stress Scales, Perceived Stress Scale, Scale of Fear of COVID-19, and Scale of Coronavirus Phobia. Translations and intercultural adaptation process were used for the Turkish version of the COVID-19 Stress Scales. Content, construct and criterion validity analyzes were performed for the validity of the Scale. Internal consistency and intra-class correlation coefficients values were calculated for the reliability of the scale. 
Results: The mean age of the participants was 23.63±8.5. The Content Validity Index of the COVID-19 Stress Scales was calculated as 0.98. According to suggestions of the experts, the subscale of "xenophobia" was excluded from the scale. In Confirmatory Factor Analysis, fit indices were calculated at acceptable levels and good fits. The five factors were reported in the original study of the scale, was confirmed in the Turkish version. The Cronbach's α value was 0.94 for the scale total. Strong and positive correlations was found between the test and retest scores of the total scale (ICC=0.799; p=0.001). 
Conclusion: COVID-19 Stress Scales with 30 items and five subscales was a valid and reliable measurement tool for Turkish society.

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Turkish validity and reliability of covid-19 stress scales (css)

The skeletons investigated herein were dated to the Late Eastern Roman Period, at the time of the golden age under the reign of the Macedonian dynasty ruled between 867 and 1056. In the Kütahya region, which acted as a border and frequently changed between the Eastern Roman and Seljuk states, the oral and dental health of the Attepe and Dereköy populations in this period was differed proportionally. A dam was constructed in Kütahya Province near Kureyşler Village for irrigation purposes. The Attepe settlement (AD 986-1050) and Dereköy necropolis (AD 966-1032) are located within the boundaries of the dam lake. To save the cultural assets in these areas, excavation studies were conducted by the Kütahya Museum in the region in 2014. This study investigated 447 permanent teeth from 34 adult individuals in the Attepe population, and 270 permanent teeth from 17 adult individuals in the Dereköy population dated to the Late Eastern Roman period. When the distribution of dental diseases in the Attepe population was examined, it was determined that 13.77% had caries, 0.81% had periapical lesions, 68.18% had periodontal disease, 13.07% had calculus, 17.98% had hypoplasia, and 22.33% had antemortem tooth loss (AMTL). In the Dereköy population, 12.88% had caries, 2.01% had periapical lesions, 80% had periodontal disease, 3.83% had calculus, 23.28% had hypoplasia, and 5.37% had AMTL. In both populations, the degree of tooth wear was determined as grade 3 and 4. The dental data showed that agricultural-dominated nutrition consumption was effective in the Attepe and Dereköy populations. In both populations, there were significant differences between the amount of caries and calculus (p = 0.00 < 0.05) as well as tooth wear and calculus (p = 0.00 < 0.05). When all these findings were assessed in an integrated fashion, it was possible to understand the features of a village population being involved in agriculture and dominant stock farming in a region in western Anatolia during the 10th-11th centuries, which coped, for the most part, with epidemics and infectious diseases, wars, and perhaps periodic famines.

Serpil Özdemir

Papers

The relationship between nurses’ perceived risk of COVID-19, knowledge, use and attitudes of complementary and alternative medicine practices during the pandemic: a cross-sectional study

Effect of health education supported with motivational ınterviewing on medication adherence of COVID-19 patients receiving home care

The relationship between occupational fatigue and perceived stress level among nurses during the covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study from turkey

Turkish validity and reliability of covid-19 stress scales (css)

Dental paleopathologies in western Anatolian skeletons from the Late Eastern Roman Period (Attepe and Dereköy settlements).