CA : A Cancer Journal for Clinicians

Rapid improvements in sequencing and array-based platforms are resulting in a flood of diverse genome-wide data, including data from exome and whole-genome sequencing, epigenetic surveys, expression profiling of coding and noncoding RNAs, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and copy number profiling, and functional assays. Analysis of these large, diverse data sets holds the promise of a more comprehensive understanding of the genome and its relation to human disease. Experienced and knowledgeable human review is an essential component of this process, complementing computational approaches. This calls for efficient and intuitive visualization tools able to scale to very large data sets and to flexibly integrate multiple data types, including clinical data. However, the sheer volume and scope of data pose a significant challenge to the development of such tools.

Integrative Genomics Viewer

结节病易误诊,据王洪武等~([1])收集国内18篇关于此病误诊的文献,误诊率高达63.2%,当然有误诊就会有误治,如孙永昌等~([2])报道26例结节病在影像学检查诊断的第一印象中拟诊结核5例,其中就有2例完成规范的抗结核治疗,为此应引起临床对本病诊治的重视。

Sarcoidosis

Many types of mammalian cells can aggregate and differentiate into 3-D multicellular spheroids when cultured in suspension or a nonadhesive environment. Compared to conventional monolayer cultures, multicellular spheroids resemble real tissues better in terms of structural and functional properties. Multicellular spheroids formed by transformed cells are widely used as avascular tumor models for metastasis and invasion research and for therapeutic screening. Many primary or progenitor cells on the other hand, show significantly enhanced viability and functional performance when grown as spheroids. Multicellular spheroids in this aspect are ideal building units for tissue reconstruction. Here we review the current understanding of multicellular spheroid formation mechanisms, their biomedical applications, and recent advances in spheroid culture, manipulation, and analysis techniques.

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/biot.1285

Recent advances in three-dimensional multicellular spheroid culture for biomedical research

3D bioprinting for biomedical devices and tissue engineering: A review of recent trends and advances.

Nodular fasciitis (NF) is a common benign soft tissue tumor. However, F-FDG PET/CT findings of NF are limited. Two cases of NF are described that mimic soft tissue metastasis on F-FDG PET/CT during surveillance. F-FDG PET/CT is well documented in the surveillance of malignancy and increasing worldwide. There are growing chances of encountering FDG-avid nonmalignant soft tissue lesion. Nodular fasciitis could be considered as possible diagnosis on F-FDG PET/CT if a solitary well- circumscribed ovoid hypermetabolic soft tissue lesion is located in a muscle, intermuscular space, or adjacent tendon, especially in patients with a clinically low probability of tumor recurrence or metastasis.

Nodular fasciitis mimicking soft tissue metastasis on 18F-FDG PET/CT during surveillance.

Aims CD47 is upregulated on the surface of various tumour cells, and it is known to inhibit the phagocytosis of tumour cells by macrophages Immunotherapy that targets CD47 has demonstrated success in preclinical trials and is now under clinical investigation for both solid and haematological malignancies However, data regarding CD47 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue and its correlation with clinical outcomes in patients with HCC remain limited Here, we investigated the clinicopathological features associated with CD47 expression in HCC Methods CD47 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarray sections containing 166 HCC tissues CD47 expression was considered positive if 10% or more tumour cells were stained Results CD47 expression was observed in 36 (217%) of 166 HCC tissues and was significantly associated with frequent large vessel invasion, advanced American Joint Committee on Cancer stage and higher Ki-67 proliferation index In the survival analyses, CD47 expression was not associated with recurrence-free survival or overall survival in total patients with HCC However, in patients who received surgical resection without any adjuvant treatment, CD47 expression was associated with shorter recurrence-free survival Conclusions CD47 expression was significantly associated with adverse pathological features and poor clinical outcomes in patients with HCC who did not receive adjuvant treatment

https://jcp.bmj.com/content/jclinpath/74/2/111.full.pdf

Clinicopathological significance of CD47 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma

Small cell carcinoma (SCC) of the pancreas is rare. It has similar histological features to pulmonary small cell carcinoma and is equally aggressive. Most patients with SCC in the pancreas reported in case studies died within 1 year after diagnosis. We present a case of unusually long-term survival after surgery and combined chemotherapy for SCC of the pancreas. A 62-year-old woman presented with epigastric pain and jaundice. Computed tomography revealed dilated common bile duct caused by external compression of the mass in the pancreatic head. Exploratory laparotomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD) was performed with histopathological analysis confirming a primary small cell carcinoma of the pancreas. After an uneventful postoperative recovery, the patient was treated with 6 cycles of combined chemotherapy consisting of cisplantin and ectoposide. During the follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence and the patient has remained in a good health condition for 36 mo since the diagnosis.

A case of long survival in poorly differentiated small cell carcinoma of the pancreas.

To date, protein profiles for hepatocellular carcinomas and cholangiocarcinomas have not been systematically evaluated and compared with each other in an unbiased way. Thirty-six hepatocellular carcinomas and adjacent normal tissue samples were analyzed using histology-directed, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS). Four cholangiocarcinomas and adjacent normal tissue samples were also evaluated. Tissue samples were sectioned at 10 µm, with 1-3 sections thaw-mounted on a conductive indium tin oxide-coated glass slide. Sinapinic acid was manually deposited on areas of each tissue section enriched by epithelial cells, either tumor or normal, and mass spectra were acquired using a MALDI-time of flight instrument. According to class prediction analysis, average prediction accuracy in test sets (composed of 18 hepatocellular carcinoma-normal pairs) ranged from 93.0 to 95.8%. Cholangiocarcinomas and hepatocellular carcinomas had different protein profiles, as evidenced by average prediction accuracy of >95% in the test set for all classifiers. Permutation P-values for 0.632 + bootstrap cross validated misclassification rates (at feature selection P < 0.001) were less than 0.05 for predicting p53 immunostaining status. We conclude that MALDI MS profiles may be useful in assisting with the diagnosis and the differential diagnosis of primary liver cancers.

Histology-directed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization analysis reveals tissue origin and p53 status of primary liver cancers

Aims Cell adhesion molecule 4 (CADM4) is a novel tumour suppressor involved in cell adhesion. Loss or decreased expression of CADM4 has been associated with the development and progression of some cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological significance of CADM4 expression in breast cancer. Methods We constructed tissue microarrays to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of CADM4 in 256 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and 45 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Results CADM4 was expressed in 37 (82.2%) DCIS cases, and in 173 (67.6%) IDC cases. CADM4 expression was higher in DCIS than in IDC (p=0.049). Loss or decrease of CADM4 expression was significantly correlated with higher histological grade (p=0.020), absence of oestrogen receptors (p Conclusions Loss or decrease of CADM4 expression seems to play an important role in breast cancer invasiveness, and it is associated with poorer biological parameters. CADM4 can be used as a novel marker predicting risk of recurrence and disease outcomes in stages I and II IDC.

https://jcp.bmj.com/content/jclinpath/66/8/681.full.pdf

Seung Sam Paik

Papers

Nodular fasciitis mimicking soft tissue metastasis on 18F-FDG PET/CT during surveillance.

Clinicopathological significance of CD47 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma

A case of long survival in poorly differentiated small cell carcinoma of the pancreas.

Histology-directed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization analysis reveals tissue origin and p53 status of primary liver cancers

Clinicopathological significance of CADM4 expression in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast