CA : A Cancer Journal for Clinicians

Rapid improvements in sequencing and array-based platforms are resulting in a flood of diverse genome-wide data, including data from exome and whole-genome sequencing, epigenetic surveys, expression profiling of coding and noncoding RNAs, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and copy number profiling, and functional assays. Analysis of these large, diverse data sets holds the promise of a more comprehensive understanding of the genome and its relation to human disease. Experienced and knowledgeable human review is an essential component of this process, complementing computational approaches. This calls for efficient and intuitive visualization tools able to scale to very large data sets and to flexibly integrate multiple data types, including clinical data. However, the sheer volume and scope of data pose a significant challenge to the development of such tools.

Integrative Genomics Viewer

结节病易误诊,据王洪武等~([1])收集国内18篇关于此病误诊的文献,误诊率高达63.2%,当然有误诊就会有误治,如孙永昌等~([2])报道26例结节病在影像学检查诊断的第一印象中拟诊结核5例,其中就有2例完成规范的抗结核治疗,为此应引起临床对本病诊治的重视。

Sarcoidosis

Many types of mammalian cells can aggregate and differentiate into 3-D multicellular spheroids when cultured in suspension or a nonadhesive environment. Compared to conventional monolayer cultures, multicellular spheroids resemble real tissues better in terms of structural and functional properties. Multicellular spheroids formed by transformed cells are widely used as avascular tumor models for metastasis and invasion research and for therapeutic screening. Many primary or progenitor cells on the other hand, show significantly enhanced viability and functional performance when grown as spheroids. Multicellular spheroids in this aspect are ideal building units for tissue reconstruction. Here we review the current understanding of multicellular spheroid formation mechanisms, their biomedical applications, and recent advances in spheroid culture, manipulation, and analysis techniques.

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/biot.1285

Recent advances in three-dimensional multicellular spheroid culture for biomedical research

3D bioprinting for biomedical devices and tissue engineering: A review of recent trends and advances.

Objective: To induce a mouse model of scleroderma with repeated bleomycin injections for research into human scleroderma at our research laboratory. Methods: The protocol of Yamamoto et al. was replicated to establish the bleomycin-induced mouse model of scleroderma. Results: A mouse model of scleroderma was induced by repeated subcutaneous injections of bleomycin. The dermal thickness increased with homogeneous and thickened collagen bundles. Semiquantitative measurements of dermal fibrosis were prominent in bleomycin-treated mice. Conclusion: A mouse model of scleroderma was induced with repeated injections of bleomycin at our laboratory.

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Induction of Animal Model of Scleroderma with Repeated Injection of Bleomycin

Pulmonary epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma is a rare low-grade malignant neoplasm that has the characteristic histologic features, epithelial and myoepithelial differentiation, similar to the salivary gland counterpart. This tumor is thought to arise from bronchial submucosal glands distributed throughout the lower respiratory tract. We recently experienced a case of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the bronchus in a 61-year-old man. Computed tomography of his chest revealed an endobronchial mass in the bronchus of the left lower lobe. The lobectomy specimen showed a solitary endobronchial mass, measuring 2.3 cm in greatest diameter. Histologically, the tumor was composed of variable proportions of epithelial and myoepithelial cells. The epithelial cells represented an inner layer of duct-like structures and the outer clear cell layer was myoepithelial-type cells. The epithelial cells were positive for pancytokeratin and the clear myoepithelial cells were positive for vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle actin and S-100 protein. Finally our diagnosis was epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the bronchus.

CASE REPORT: Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the bronchus

Non‐neural granular cell tumor (NNGCT) is a rare tumor with uncertain lineage. It presents as an asymptomatic polypoid or plaque‐like lesion, especially on trunk. Because the granular cells are usually strongly reactive with S‐100 stain, conventional granular cell tumors (GCTs) are regarded as those of neural or Schwann cell origin. Unlike GCTs, NNGCT is not reactive for S‐100 protein and is thought to derive elsewhere, presumably from mesenchymal stem cells. A 20‐year‐old woman presented with a solitary, dermatofibroma‐like, brownish nodule on her right arm. The lesion developed 3 months before presentation without subjective symptoms. Histopathologic examination revealed a grenz zone overlying a poorly circumscribed tumor extending through the reticular dermis. The tumor cells were large and polygonal, and they had numerous eosinophilic small granules in the cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for CD68, vimentin, factor XIIIa, CD10, and cyclin D1. Stains for S‐100 protein, neuron‐specific enolase, and CD34 were negative. Based on these findings, the lesion was diagnosed as dermal NNGCT.

Dermatofibroma‐like dermal non‐neural granular cell tumor

Background: Dual specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4), which regulates the mitogen activated protein kinases, has emerged as a tumor suppressor gene in several human malignancies. Aims and Objectives: In this study, we investigated the clinicopathologic significance and the prognostic role of DUSP4 in gallbladder adenocarcinoma. Materials and methods: DUSP4 expression was evaluated immunohistochemically in tissue microarray from 110 gallbladder adenocarcinoma samples and scored by H score system. The cut off (H score <170) was determined by ROC curve analysis. Results: Low expression of DUSP4 expression was observed in 57 (51.8%) out of 110 gallbladder adenocarcinoma samples. Low expression of DUSP4 expression was significantly associated with high histologic grade (P = 0.017), high pT stage (P = 0.002) and high AJCC stage (P = 0.007). Kaplan Meier survival curves revealed that patients with low expression of DUSP4 expression had significantly worse cancer specific survival (P = 0.024, log rank test). However, there was no significant association between DUSP4 expression and recurrence free survival. Conclusions: In conclusion, gallbladder adenocarcinoma with low expression of DUSP4 expression was associated with adverse clinicopathologic characteristics and poor patient outcome.patient outcome.

Seung Sam Paik

Papers

Induction of Animal Model of Scleroderma with Repeated Injection of Bleomycin

CASE REPORT: Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the bronchus

Dermatofibroma‐like dermal non‐neural granular cell tumor

Low expression of DUSP4 expression predicts unfavorable prognosis in gallbladder adenocarcinoma

내시경 점막절제술로 제거된 Epstein-Barr Virus 음성 위 수질암 1예