Natural Fibers, Biopolymers, and Biocomposites: An Introduction A.K. Mohanty, M. Misra, L.T. Drzal, S.E. Selke, B.R. Harte, and G.Hinrichsen Plant Fibers as Reinforcement for Green Composites A. Bismarck, S. Mishra, and T. Lampke Processing of Bast Fiber Plants for Industrial Application F. Munder, C. Furll, and H.Hempel Recent Developments in Retting and Measurement of Fiber Quality in Natural Fibers: Pro and Cons R.B. Dodd and D.E. Akin Alternative Low-Cost Biomass for the Biocomposites Industry D.D. Stokke Fiber-Matrix Adhesion in Natural Fiber Composites P.J. Herrera Franco and A. Valadez-Gonzalez Natural Fiber Composites in Automotive Applications B.C. Suddell and W.J. Evans Natural Fiber Composites for Building Applications B. Singh and M. Gupta Thermoset Biocomposites D. Ray and J. Rout Thermoplastic Wood Fiber Composites S. Godavarti Bamboo-Based Ecocomposites and Their Potential Applications K. Kitagawa, U. S. Ishiaku, M. Mizoguchi, and H. Hamada Oil Palm Fiber-Thermoplastic Composites H.D. Rozman, Z.A. Mohd Ishak, and U.S. Ishiaku Natural Fiber-Rubber Composites and Their Applications S. Joseph, M. Jacob, and S. Thomas Straw-Based Biomass and Biocomposites X. Mo, D. Wang, and X.S. Sun Sorona(R)Polymer: Present Status and Future Perspectives J.V. Kurian Polylactic Acid Technology D.E. Henton, P. Gruber, J. Lunt, and J. Randall Polylactide-Based Biocomposites D. Plackett and A. Sodergard Bacterial Polyester-Based Biocomposites: A Review A. Hodzic Cellulose Fiber-Reinforced Cellulose Esters: Biocomposites for the Future G. Toriz, P. Gatenholm, B.D. Seiler, and D. Tindall Starch Polymers: Chemistry, Engineering, and Novel Products B.-S. Chiou, G.M. Glenn, S.H. Imam, M.K. Inglesby, D.F. Wood, and W.J. Orts Lignin-Based Polymer Blends and Biocomposite Materials S. Kubo, R.D. Gilbert, and J.F. Kadla Soy Protein-Based Plastics, Blends, and Composites A.K. Mohanty, W. Liu, P. Tummala, L.T. Drzal, M. Misra, and R.Narayan Synthesis, Properties, and Potential Applications of Novel Thermosetting Biopolymers from Soybean and Other Natural Oils F. Li and R.C. Larock Houses Using Soy Oil and Natural Fibers Biocomposites M.A. Dweib, A. O'Donnell, R.P. Wool, B. Hu, and H.W. Shenton III Biobased Polyurethanes and Their Composites: Present Status and Future Perspective J.-P. Latere Dwan'Isa, A.K. Mohanty, M. Misra, and L.T. Drzal Cellulose-Based Nanocomposites L. Berglund How Sustainable Are Biopolymers and Biobased Products? The Hope, the Doubts, and the Reality M. Patel and R. Narayan Index

Natural, Fibers, Biopolymers and Biocomposites

Allocation in ISO 14041—a critical review

As a result of a growing awareness of the interconnectivity of global environmental 
factors, principles of sustainability, industrial ecology, ecoefficiency, and green 
chemistry and engineering are being integrated into the development of the next 
generation of materials, products, and processes.1-7 The depletion of petroleum resources 
coupled with increasing environmental regulations are acting synergistically to provide 
the impetus for new materials and products that are compatible with the environment and 
independent of fossil fuels. Composite materials, especially “green composites,” fit well 
into this new paradigm shift. Simply stated, biobased materials include industrial 
products for durable goods applications, made from renewable agricultural and forestry 
feed stocks, including wood, agricultural waste, grasses and natural plant fibers 
composed of carbohydrates such as sugars and starch, lignin and cellulose, as well as 
vegetable oils and proteins. Producing chemical products and new materials from 
renewable resources is not a new idea. Most of the chemical products and materials came 
from renewable resources until the early part of the 20th century.1 The success and 
tremendous growth of the petrochemical industry in the 20th century, however, slowed 
the growth of biobased products. Environmental as well as economic factors are now 
driving the trend toward greater utilization of biobased polymers and materials.2-5 The 
challenge to scientists and engineers is to develop the technology needed to make the 
biobased materials revolution a reality.

Natural Fibers, Biopolymers, and Biocomposites: An Introduction

https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/18499/1/FullText.pdf

Metrics for optimising the multi-dimensional value of resources recovered from waste in a circular economy: A critical review

Purpose and scope
Two ISO-compliant approaches on modelling the recycling of plastics and metals are frequently applied in life cycle assessment case studies and intensively debated: the recycled content or cutoff approach and the end of life recycling or avoided burden approach This paper discusses the two approaches from three different perspectives: (1) the kind of sustainability concept served, (2) the risk perception involved and (3) the eco-efficiency indicators resulting from the two approaches

/pdf/lci-modelling-approaches-applied-on-recycling-of-materials-31g6yq0h43.pdf

LCI modelling approaches applied on recycling of materials in view of environmental sustainability, risk perception and eco-efficiency

Allocation in LCA is defined as partitioning the responsibility for environmental burdens from the economic activities to a reference flow or a reference life cycle system in some proper shares. The result of LCA study involving a multi-input/output system or an open loop recycling system is affected significantly by the choice of the allocation method. For the case of allocation in a cascade recycling system, the quality of material as well as the material flow should be considered. Therefore, environmental burdens from the primary material production, the recycling process and the waste management process have to be allocated in proportion to the quality degradation of a material and to the quantity of a material used in each life cycle system. This paper proposes an allocation method for the cascade recycling system that considers both quality and quantity of a material used.

Seungdo Kim

Papers

Allocation for cascade recycling system