Journal ArticleDOI
Allocation for cascade recycling system
TLDR
In this paper, an allocation method for the cascade recycling system that considers both quality and quantity of a material used is proposed, where the quality of material as well as the material flow should be considered.Abstract:
Allocation in LCA is defined as partitioning the responsibility for environmental burdens from the economic activities to a reference flow or a reference life cycle system in some proper shares. The result of LCA study involving a multi-input/output system or an open loop recycling system is affected significantly by the choice of the allocation method. For the case of allocation in a cascade recycling system, the quality of material as well as the material flow should be considered. Therefore, environmental burdens from the primary material production, the recycling process and the waste management process have to be allocated in proportion to the quality degradation of a material and to the quantity of a material used in each life cycle system. This paper proposes an allocation method for the cascade recycling system that considers both quality and quantity of a material used.read more
Citations
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Natural, Fibers, Biopolymers and Biocomposites
TL;DR: A.K. Mohanty, M. Misra, L.T. Drzal, and R. Narayan as discussed by the authors discussed the potential of natural fiber composites in automotive applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Allocation in ISO 14041—a critical review
Tomas Ekvall,Göran Finnveden +1 more
TL;DR: The adequacy and feasibility of methods recommended for allocation by the current international standard on life cycle inventory analysis (LCI) are reviewed in this article, based on the view that an LCI should provide information on the environmental consequences of manipulating technological systems.
Natural Fibers, Biopolymers, and Biocomposites: An Introduction
TL;DR: A growing awareness of the interconnectivity of global environmental factors, principles of sustainability, industrial ecology, ecoefficiency, and green chemistry and engineering are being integrated into the development of the next generation of materials, products, and processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Metrics for optimising the multi-dimensional value of resources recovered from waste in a circular economy: A critical review
Eleni Iacovidou,Costas A. Velis,Phil Purnell,Oliver Zwirner,Andrew Brown,John N. Hahladakis,Joel Millward-Hopkins,Paul T. Williams +7 more
TL;DR: Assessment methods focusing on resource recovery from waste within a circular economy context consider few or even a single domain/s of value, i.e. environmental, economic, social and technical domains, but the potential of those metrics to evaluate ‘complex value’ of materials, components and products is assessed.
Journal ArticleDOI
LCI modelling approaches applied on recycling of materials in view of environmental sustainability, risk perception and eco-efficiency
TL;DR: Two ISO-compliant approaches on modelling the recycling of plastics and metals are frequently applied in life cycle assessment case studies and intensively debated: the recycled content or cutoff approach and the end of life recycling or avoided burden approach.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Allocation rule for open-loop recycling in life cycle assessment
TL;DR: In this article, the different allocation rules proposed are presented and discussed with respect to the criteria of mathematical neatness, feasibility and justice/incentive for both producers and users of secondary raw materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
General mathematical models for LCI recycling
TL;DR: In this article, the same basic equations can be used to handle a variety of recycling options for multi-product systems, and the method described in this paper uses mathematical models to show that the same simple equations can also be used for handling different recycling scenarios.