American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Turbomachinery is a challenging and diverse field, with applications for professionals and students in many subsets of the mechanical engineering discipline, including fluid mechanics, combustion and heat transfer, dynamics and vibrations, as well as structural mechanics and materials engineering. Originally published more than 40 years ago, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery is the leading turbomachinery textbook. Used as a core text in senior undergraduate and graduate level courses this book will also appeal to professional engineers in the aerospace, global power, oil & gas and other industries who are involved in the design and operation of turbomachines. For this new edition, author S. Larry Dixon is joined by Cesare Hall from the University of Cambridge, whose diverse background of teaching, research and work experience in the area of turbomachines is well suited to the task of reorganizing and updating this classic text. NEW AND KEY FEATURES * Provides the most comprehensive coverage of the fundamentals of turbomachinery of any text in the field* Content has been reorganized to more closely match how instructors currently teach the course* Coverage of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics, the basis on which good turbomachine performance depends, has been moved to the front of the book* Includes new design studies of several turbomachines, applying the theories developed in the book* Figures have been updated, along with new photos added, to better illustrate the topics presented* Includes new examples and additional end-of-chapter exercises

Fluid mechanics, thermodynamics of turbomachinery

Flow separation is perhaps the most important unsolved phenomenon of fluid mechanics which causes energy loss and deviation of stream lines A summary of flow separation is presented in order to understand the basic problem, the present state of knowledge and to indicate future development The review of the analytical and experimental investigations from more than one hundred classical current references is made covering the whole region of flow separation—laminar, turbulent, incompressible and compressible flow

Separation of flow

This paper presents a new criterion for estimating the onset of three-dimensional hub-corner stall in axial compressor rotors and shrouded stators. A simple first-of-a-kind description of hub-corner stall formation is developed which consists of (i) a stall indicator, which quantifies the extent of the separated region via the local blade loading and thus indicates whether hub-corner stall occurs, and (ii) a diffusion parameter, which defines the diffusion limit for unstalled operation. The stall indicator can be cast in terms of a Zweifel loading coefficient. The diffusion parameter is based on preliminary design flow variables and geometry. Computational simulations and single and multistage compressor data are used to show the applicability of the criterion over a range of blade design parameters. The criterion also enables determination of specific flow control actions to mitigate hub-corner stall. As an illustration, a flow control blade, designed using the ideas developed, is seen to produce a substantial reduction in the flow nonuniformity associated with hub-corner stall.

A Criterion for Axial Compressor Hub-Corner Stall

The present study has tested most of the loss models previously published in the open literature and found an optimum set of empirical loss models for a reliable performance prediction of centrifugal compressors. In order to improve the prediction of efficiency curves, this paper recommends a modified parasitic loss model. The performance analyses by using various empirical loss models are also compared with those by the two-zone modelling. Predicted performance curves by the proposed optimum set agree fairly well with experimental data for a variety of centrifugal compressors. The prediction method developed through this study can serve as a tool for preliminary design and assist the understanding of the operational characteristics of general purpose centrifugal compressors.

An optimum set of loss models for performance prediction of centrifugal compressors

Loss and stall analysis in compressor cascades

Incidence and Deviation-Angle Correlations for Compressor Cascades

/pdf/closure-to-discussions-of-loss-and-stall-analysis-of-3koltk198v.pdf

Closure to “Discussions of ‘Loss and Stall Analysis of Compressor Cascades’” (1959, ASME J. Basic Eng., 81, pp. 397–400)

: Described herein are the results of an exploratory experimental research program to determine the damage that might be inflicted on space radiator configurations by the impact of a meteoroid. The meteoroid hazard is discussed, and the present knowledge of crater formation under conditions of hypervelocity impact is analyzed The experimental program was conducted under NASA contract on the ballistics range facilities of the General Motors Corporation Defense Research Laboratories in Santa Barbara, California. Glass projectiles of approximately 0.018 and 0.040 gram were accelerated to velocities of 23,000 to 26,000 feet per second and impacted against unfilled radiator tube configurations in vacuum. Variables such as tube liner thickness, tube inner diameter, armor thickness, operating temperature, and angle of impact were considered for aluminum and columbium alloy targets. Significant differences between hypervelocity impact into flat plates and into aluminum and columbium tubes were observed. The limited results indicated that internal surface dimpling and spalling, as well as perforation, may be important considerations in radiator tube design.

Hypervelocity Impact Damage Characteristics in Armored Space Radiator Tubes.

During the past decade, the Lewis Laboratory of the NACA was engaged in intensive research on the aerodynamics of high-performance axial-flow compressors. The focal point of this program, the development of the transonic compressor, is briefly reviewed, and the basic significance of the results is discussed. Following this, a resume of succeeding experimental single and multistage investigations and analytical studies is given to indicate the scope of the work and the major results achieved. An extensive bibliography covering the research effort during this time is included.

Seymour Lieblein

Papers

Loss and stall analysis in compressor cascades

Incidence and Deviation-Angle Correlations for Compressor Cascades

Closure to “Discussions of ‘Loss and Stall Analysis of Compressor Cascades’” (1959, ASME J. Basic Eng., 81, pp. 397–400)

Hypervelocity Impact Damage Characteristics in Armored Space Radiator Tubes.

Résumé of Transonic-Compressor Research at NACA Lewis Laboratory