Algae waste is one of the potential substrates for biogas and biohydrogen production and can comprehend multiple benefits of waste treatment and resource utilization. In view of the key bottlenecks such as low substrate degradation rate and poor productivity of algae waste production process, this study analyzes the combined effect of two metallic and metallic oxide nanoparticles with different substrate pretreatment methods (autoclave, ultrasonic, and microwave methods) to investigate the effect of anaerobic digestion of green algae (Enteromorpha). The results showed that out of the three pretreatment methods, microwave pretreatment and nanoparticles' synergistic effect significantly increases biogas production. The microbial community composition at the phylum level was analyzed. It was observed that the Firmicutes were most abundant across all samples. The relative abundance of Firmicutes for control, Ni NPs + MW, Co NPs + MW, and Fe3O4 NPs + MW groups were 51.78, 70.37, 75.77, and 83.93%,      respectively. The second most abundant was of Bacteroidetes that also contributes to hydrogen production. This relatively high abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes promises its potential applications in a hydrogen production facility. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 

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Nanoparticles Synergistic Effect with Various Substrate Pretreatment and their Comparison on Biogas Production from Algae Waste

Nitrogen oxides conversion rate, ammonia slip, and urea crystallization are major problems in the application of the selective catalytic reduction systems of diesel engine. Based on the bench test,...

Influence of Urea-SCR system parameters on NOx conversion rate and liquid film

Experimental and numerical investigation of nitrogen oxides reduction in diesel engine selective catalytic reduction system

DOI: http://doi.org/10.25130/tjes.27.2.09 ةرطيسلا ةيبوساحلا ىلع ةموظنم عبتت يسمش ةيئانث روحملا فلخ مولس ديعك / مسق ةسدنهلا ةيئابرهكلا / ةيلك ةسدنهلا / ةعماج تيركت / قارعلا ، دمحم ريصن نيدلا / ةسدنهلا مسق ةيئابرهكلا / ةسدنهلا ةيلك / ةعماج ديهكيل / ادنك دمحم ميرك دمحم / مسق ةسدنهلا ةيئابرهكلا / ةيلك ةسدنهلا / ةعماج تيركت / قارعلا ، رمع عفان دومحم / مسق ةسدنهلا ةيئابرهكلا / ةيلك ةسدنهلا / ةعماج تيركت / قارعلا ةصلاخلا نا ضرغلا يسيئرلا نم اذه لمعلا وه ميدقت ةركف موقت ىلع ميمصت ريوطتو ةموظنم بقعت ةقاطلا ةيسمشلا يئاقلتلا قيقحتل ىصقأ ردق نم جاتنا ةقاطلا اضيأو دحلل نم هجرد ةرارح ةحوللا ، ةدايزل ةءافكلا ةيئوضورهكلا ماق قيرفلا يف هذه ،ثحبلا ريوطتب ماظن عبتتلا يسمشلا يئاقلتلا ماظنل ةقاطلا ةيسمشلا ةريغصلا قاطنلا . دقو مت ريوطت ءزج ةزهجلأا ءزجو ةجمربلا يف تقو دحاو نم لجأ ماظن عبتت ةقاطلا ةيسمشلا لوصحلل ىلع ةموظنم لمعت ةقدب ةيلاع . مت لامعتسا ونيودرا ،ونوا ةمواقملا ةيئوضلا ( LDR ) ، ساسح هجرد ةرارحلا ( LM35 ) ، هحول ةيلاع ةءافكلا ةقاطلل ،ةيسمشلا تاكرحملا ةصاخلا ةرطيسلاب ىلع نحصلا مدختسملا طاقتللا ةراشإ ثب تاونقلا ،ةيئاضفلا جمانرب Protuse ةاكاحمل ةغل ةجمربلا ةيلاع يوتسملا دقو مت اهنيمضت يف ةزهجلأا ليغشتل ماظن عبتتلا ديربتلاو لكشب لاعف . دقو رهظا ماظن عبتتلا ديربتلاو ةيلاعف ةريبك يف ليصوت ةقاطلا ىلإ حاولأ ةقاطلا ةيسمشلا . :ةلادلا تاملكلا ،كمدلا ،ةيويحلا تارميلوبلا .ناثنزلا غمص ،صقلا ةمواقم ،ةيسبجلا ةبرتلا ،رايهنلاا ةيلامتحا

Design and Implement of Dual Axis Solar Tracker System Based Arduino

With the expanding demand of energy worldwide, an extreme shortage and inflation of the non- renewable energy resources will be observed in near future. Therefore, before the crucial stage comes up, all the countries of the world are trying their level best to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy resources as the main sources of generating electricity. Solar energy is one of the most effectual resources of renewable energy, which can play a significant role to solve energy crisis. By tracking the movement of sun, photovoltaic panel can be positioned in such a way that it can collect maximum amount of solar radiation. Trackers generate more electricity than conventional static solar panels due to increased direct exposure to solar rays and can be up to 25% more efficient than their static counterparts. While tracking sun, the dual axis solar trackers provide better efficiency as they allow for two degrees of flexibility, offering a much wider range of motion. This paper presents the design and construction of a self-powered automatic dual axis solar tracking and positioning system. It can execute both front tracking and back tracking operation without any manual help and provide a high degree of accuracy without any requirement of GPS or computers. The design requires no supplemental power supply which means it will be self-powered which will reduce any extra operational costs. A small prototype is also constructed to implement the design methodology presented here.

Self Powered Automatic Dual Axis Tracking and Positioning System Design

Sun energy is a considered to be one of most promising source to address the world energy crises. Photovoltaic cell is one of the prominent sources of energy. The most important factors that affect the efficiency of solar cells are cell temperature, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and energy conversion efficiency. The optimization of these factors improves solar cells efficiency for more reliable applications. This study associated by means of the designing and manufacturing process of single axis tracker device by using photo voltaic conversion panels. This solar tracker system assures the conversion optimization of electricity from the source of sun energy by proper using of orientated photovoltaic panel in a manner conforming to the actual direction of sun. Experimental system based on the function of DC motor, which is controlled by dedicated drive astutely so as to move the PV panel in accordance with the signals be given as of effective light sensors. It has been found that at the same sunny day the energy output of solar panel with tracking system was 1742.88Wh and with non tracking system was 829.6Wh and

Design and Fabrication of Automatic Single Axis Solar Tracker for Solar Panel

Due to the increasing stringent exhaust emission regulations of diesel engines, the requirements in the form of performance are increasing continuously. Selective catalyst reduction (SCR) is the mature technique used in marine diesel engines for the reduction of nitrogen oxides emissions (NO x ). There exist a lot of challenges related to get high NO x conversion efficiency and ammonia slip. Therefore, a new static mixer is designed to evaluate the impacts on reaction performance of SCR catalyst. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance parameters like NO X conversion efficiency, ammonia slip, conversion of urea into ammonia and its reduction during the reaction with the use of numerical tool, computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results show the significant improvement in the reaction performance of ammonia and NO x removal efficiency. Furthermore, it also decreased the ammonia escaping rate at the outlet of SCR system. It offers an effectual allusion for the elaboration in the design of SCR system.

A CFD analysis of static mixer to study its impacts on SCR performance in marine diesel engine

Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) converter is often used in high power medium voltage industrial applications. This paper proposes a new fault detection and management method for NPC converters, able to detect any type of power semiconductor device fault and to allow the continuity of operation in case of fault. The fault detection, which is very fast, is based on the measurements of load and clamp-diode legs currents. The fault management strategy is suitable for NPC inverters feeding both passive and active load (such as a threephase asynchronous motor) supplied by Active Front End (AFE) or Diode Front End (DFE). Finally, a comparison among three different reconfiguring modulations, with special regard to the evaluation of harmonic distortion of the line-to-line voltages and phase currents, is suggested.

A New Strategy for Detection and Management of Faults in High Power NPC Converter Systems

Battery storage systems are widely used in several applications; in particular, they are fundamental in electrical or hybrid electrical vehicles. The different storages are interfaced to the inverter with a DC-DC converter in order to match the different voltage levels. The battery systems are subjected to aging phenomenon and if one battery is deteriorated, all the series is involved. To avoid this problem, a double-input DC-DC converter is proposed in this paper. The two storages can be controlled independently and, therefore, the system reliability is improved. Moreover, the deteriorated battery is not bypassed, therefore it can provide energy to the system at a limited rate and so the system performance is maximized. In addition, batteries based on different technologies can be mixed by the proposed converter obtaining the best from each technology.

Multi-Input Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Energy Management in Hybrid Electrical Vehicles Applications

The continuous energy demand increasing is bringing out various problems related to the development of renewable energies. It is becoming increasingly essential to be able to count on adequate systems of energy storage (ESS - Energy Storage Systems) both in the distribution and in eco-sustainable mobility. In particular, the study of flywheel energy storage systems (FESS) is recently gaining interest not only for the stabilization of systems with rotating parts but also for their use in coupling with motor generators in the mobility sector. This paper proposes a Field Oriented Control regulation system for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor, driven by an inverter and connected to a traction system through DC-Link by a four-quadrant converter applied to a new conception flywheel designed for the automotive environment. Finally, the results obtained by the simulations are therefore compared with special regard to the final efficiency evaluation of the system.

Shafquat Hussain

Papers

Design and Fabrication of Automatic Single Axis Solar Tracker for Solar Panel

A CFD analysis of static mixer to study its impacts on SCR performance in marine diesel engine

A New Strategy for Detection and Management of Faults in High Power NPC Converter Systems

Multi-Input Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Energy Management in Hybrid Electrical Vehicles Applications

Field Oriented Control System Modeling for a New Flywheel Energy Storage System