Providing ubiquitous connectivity to diverse device types is the key challenge for 5G and beyond 5G (B5G). Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are expected to be an important component of the upcoming wireless networks that can potentially facilitate wireless broadcast and support high rate transmissions. Compared to the communications with fixed infrastructure, UAV has salient attributes, such as flexible deployment, strong line-of-sight (LoS) connection links, and additional design degrees of freedom with the controlled mobility. In this paper, a comprehensive survey on UAV communication towards 5G/B5G wireless networks is presented. We first briefly introduce essential background and the space-air-ground integrated networks, as well as discuss related research challenges faced by the emerging integrated network architecture. We then provide an exhaustive review of various 5G techniques based on UAV platforms, which we categorize by different domains including physical layer, network layer, and joint communication, computing and caching. In addition, a great number of open research problems are outlined and identified as possible future research directions.

UAV Communications for 5G and Beyond: Recent Advances and Future Trends

Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies

Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)

Transformer based Deep Intelligent Contextual Embedding for Twitter sentiment analysis

Social media (and the world at large) have been awash with news of the COVID-19 pandemic With the passage of time, news and awareness about COVID-19 spread like the pandemic itself, with an explosion of messages, updates, videos, and posts Mass hysteria manifest as another concern in addition to the health risk that COVID-19 presented Predictably, public panic soon followed, mostly due to misconceptions, a lack of information, or sometimes outright misinformation about COVID-19 and its impacts It is thus timely and important to conduct an ex post facto assessment of the early information flows during the pandemic on social media, as well as a case study of evolving public opinion on social media which is of general interest This study aims to inform policy that can be applied to social media platforms; for example, determining what degree of moderation is necessary to curtail misinformation on social media This study also analyzes views concerning COVID-19 by focusing on people who interact and share social media on Twitter As a platform for our experiments, we present a new large-scale sentiment data set COVIDSENTI, which consists of 90 000 COVID-19-related tweets collected in the early stages of the pandemic, from February to March 2020 The tweets have been labeled into positive, negative, and neutral sentiment classes We analyzed the collected tweets for sentiment classification using different sets of features and classifiers Negative opinion played an important role in conditioning public sentiment, for instance, we observed that people favored lockdown earlier in the pandemic; however, as expected, sentiment shifted by mid-March Our study supports the view that there is a need to develop a proactive and agile public health presence to combat the spread of negative sentiment on social media following a pandemic

/pdf/covidsenti-a-large-scale-benchmark-twitter-data-set-for-1ba4eelkpi.pdf

COVIDSenti: A Large-Scale Benchmark Twitter Data Set for COVID-19 Sentiment Analysis

Graph colouring is the system of assigning a colour to each vertex of a graph It is done in such a way that adjacent vertices do not have equal colour It is fundamental in graph theory It is often used to solve real-world problems like traffic light signalling, map colouring, scheduling, etc Nowadays, social networks are prevalent systems in our life Here, the users are considered as vertices, and their connections/interactions are taken as edges Some users follow other popular users’ profiles in these networks, and some don’t, but those non-followers are connected directly to the popular profiles That means, along with traditional relationship (information flowing), there is another relation among them It depends on the domination of the relationship between the nodes This type of situation can be modelled as a directed fuzzy graph In the colouring of fuzzy graph theory, edge membership plays a vital role Edge membership is a representation of flowing information between end nodes of the edge Apart from the communication relationship, there may be some other factors like domination in relation This influence of power is captured here In this article, the colouring of directed fuzzy graphs is defined based on the influence of relationship Along with this, the chromatic number and strong chromatic number are provided, and related properties are investigated An application regarding COVID-19 infection is presented using the colouring of directed fuzzy graphs

https://www.techscience.com/cmc/v68n1/41822/pdf

Colouring of COVID-19 Affected Region Based on Fuzzy Directed Graphs

Travel and tourism have been hard-hit by COVID-19, and people have been forced to cancel travel plans due to governments being forced to implement travel bans to curb infection dissemination. There...

Travel behaviour prediction amid covid-19 underlaying situational awareness theory and health belief model

The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) as a base station (gNB) is becoming a viable option for providing 5G services, both on-demand and on regular basis. On the other hand, due to the abundant availability of bandwidth in the mmWave band, which is part of the 5G frequency RF plan, there is an immense potential to utilize this band for next-generation radio systems. The goal of this paper is to investigate and evaluate the use of mmWave in access and backhaul communication links simultaneously using an Amplify-and-Forward relay deployed on the UAV. We first formulate the required mathematical framework for calculating the performance of the proposed mmWaveUAV architectures. Then, we conduct extensive simulations using ray-tracing method for different urban scenarios. Our results demonstrate the advantages and limitations of using the proposed architecture while providing a set of optimal parameters to be used in different urban scenarios which demonstrates the impact of the environment and the placement of communication nodes in the UAV-aided-5G network.

Performance Evaluation of Amplify-and-Forward UAV Relay in Millimeter-Wave

Objectives: The ultimate goal of this study is to explore, analyse, and evaluate the use of mm Wave in access and backhaul network simultaneously for the use of UAVs in Next-Generation Wireless Networks (5G). Methods/statistical analysis: Future wireless communication, especially the densified 5G network, will bring numerous innovations to the current telecommunication industry and will support a 100-fold gain in throughput, 100-folds in connection for at least 100 billion devices, and a 10 Gb/s individual user experience capable of extremely low latency and response times. In such scenarios, the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) as Base Stations (BS) becomes one of the viable options for providing 5G services. Findings: This study analyses and describe the distinctive rich characteristics of mmWave propagation. Indepth literature review has been conducted. End‐to‐end equations have been derived for calculating power received by the end-user while getting coverage through amplify-and-forward UAV relay. Using ray racing simulator, effectiveness of diffracted, reflected, and scattered paths versus direct paths has been shown in tiny wavelength frequency band. Application/improvements: Huge continuous bandwidth availability in mmWave has increased its lucrativeness in radio communication. Smart integration of UAVs in 5G network needs efficient placement mechanism for providing blazingly fast wireless cellular network services. This fundamental study will facilitate further research in exploring UAV-supported 5G network at unparalleled mmWave frequency band.
Keywords: Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), Unnamed Aerial Vehicle (UAV), Communication Resource Management (CRM), Edge Computing at RAN (EC-RAN), Core Network (CN), Customer Quality Experience (CQX), Free-space Optical Communication (FSO), Aerial Network (AN), Key Point indicator (KPI), Fronthaul (FH), Backhaul (BH)

/pdf/link-level-performance-modelling-for-next-generation-uav-59nazl4bad.pdf

Link‐level Performance Modelling for Next-Generation UAV Relay with Millimetre‐Wave Simultaneously in Access and Backhaul

In the recent phenomenon of social networks, both online and offline, two nodes may be connected, but they may not follow each other Thus there are two separate links to be given to capture the notion Directed links are given if the nodes follow each other, and undirected links represent the regular connections (without following) Thus, this network may have both types of relationships/ links simultaneously This type of network can be represented by mixed graphs But, uncertainties in following and connectedness exist in complex systems To capture the uncertainties, fuzzy mixed graphs are introduced in this article Some operations, completeness, and regularity and few other properties of fuzzy mixed graphs are explained Representation of fuzzy mixed graphs as matrix and isomorphism theorems on fuzzy mixed graphs are developed A network of COVID19 affected areas in India are assumed, and central regions are identified as per the proposed theory

Shah Khalid Khan

Papers

Colouring of COVID-19 Affected Region Based on Fuzzy Directed Graphs

Travel behaviour prediction amid covid-19 underlaying situational awareness theory and health belief model

Performance Evaluation of Amplify-and-Forward UAV Relay in Millimeter-Wave

Link‐level Performance Modelling for Next-Generation UAV Relay with Millimetre‐Wave Simultaneously in Access and Backhaul

Fuzzy mixed graphs and its application to identification of COVID19 affected central regions in India