XI. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING DIABETES CARE D iabetes is a chronic illness that requires continuing medical care and patient self-management education to prevent acute complications and to reduce the risk of long-term complications. Diabetes care is complex and requires that many issues, beyond glycemic control, be addressed. A large body of evidence exists that supports a range of interventions to improve diabetes outcomes. These standards of care are intended to provide clinicians, patients, researchers, payors, and other interested individuals with the components of diabetes care, treatment goals, and tools to evaluate the quality of care. While individual preferences, comorbidities, and other patient factors may require modification of goals, targets that are desirable for most patients with diabetes are provided. These standards are not intended to preclude more extensive evaluation and management of the patient by other specialists as needed. For more detailed information, refer to Bode (Ed.): Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes (1), Burant (Ed): Medical Management of Type 2 Diabetes (2), and Klingensmith (Ed): Intensive Diabetes Management (3). The recommendations included are diagnostic and therapeutic actions that are known or believed to favorably affect health outcomes of patients with diabetes. A grading system (Table 1), developed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and modeled after existing methods, was utilized to clarify and codify the evidence that forms the basis for the recommendations. The level of evidence that supports each recommendation is listed after each recommendation using the letters A, B, C, or E.

Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes

This book opens a fresh chapter in the debate on local enterprise clusters and their strategies for upgrading in the global economy. The authors employ a novel conceptual framework in their research on industrial clusters in Europe, Latin America and Asia and provide new perspectives and insights for researchers and policymakers alike.

Governance in global value chains

The genetic architecture of common traits, including the number, frequency, and effect sizes of inherited variants that contribute to individual risk, has been long debated. Genome-wide association studies have identified scores of common variants associated with type 2 diabetes, but in aggregate, these explain only a fraction of the heritability of this disease. Here, to test the hypothesis that lower-frequency variants explain much of the remainder, the GoT2D and T2D-GENES consortia performed whole-genome sequencing in 2,657 European individuals with and without diabetes, and exome sequencing in 12,940 individuals from five ancestry groups. To increase statistical power, we expanded the sample size via genotyping and imputation in a further 111,548 subjects. Variants associated with type 2 diabetes after sequencing were overwhelmingly common and most fell within regions previously identified by genome-wide association studies. Comprehensive enumeration of sequence variation is necessary to identify functional alleles that provide important clues to disease pathophysiology, but large-scale sequencing does not support the idea that lower-frequency variants have a major role in predisposition to type 2 diabetes.

The genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes

We seek to guide operations management (OM) research on the implementation of supply chain traceability systems by identifying business requirements and the factors critical to successful implementation. We first motivate the need for implementing traceability systems in two very different industries – cobalt mining and pharmaceuticals – and present business requirements and critical success factors for implementation. Next, we describe how we carried out thematic analysis of practitioner and scholarly articles on implementing blockchain for supply chain traceability. Finally, we present our results pertaining to the needs of different stakeholders such as suppliers, consumers, and regulators. The business requirements for traceability systems are curbing illegal practices; improving sustainability performance; increasing operational efficiency; enhancing supply-chain coordination; and sensing market trends. Critical success factors for implementation are companies’ capabilities; collaboration; technology maturity; supply chain practices; leadership; and governance of the traceability efforts. These findings provide a nascent measurement model for empirical work and a foundation for descriptive and normative research on blockchain applications for supply chain traceability.

Blockchain for Supply Chain Traceability: Business Requirements and Critical Success Factors

It is a justifiable fact that there is a substantial amount of funds from local and foreign aid invested in Tanzania public sector projects, targeting to facilitate development and alleviate poverty in the community. However, the effectiveness of these funds remains uncertain as many among these projects are reported that does not meet the planned objectives. The main objective of this study was to assess the critical success factors influencing public sector projects’ success in public Sector projects in Shinyanga Municipality, Tanzania. A Cross-sectional research design was deployed in Shinyanga Municipality in Shinyanga region. Using a purposive sampling technique, a total of 132 project implementers were selected and interviewed using structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS for windows version 23.0. Descriptive binary analysis using frequencies and percentages were conducted. The findings revealed that there is significant strong positive relationship between critical success factors and project success. Results showed that critical success factors explain 99.5% of project success variations. The researcher recommended that policy makers should establish effective strategies that reflect critical success factors and adopt an efficacious follow up technique to assist public projects meet the intended objectives. Since the linkage between project management practices and project success is inevitable, critical management practices such as monitoring, evaluation and client satisfaction should be re-considered for nourishment and sustainability of public sector projects.
Key words: Critical Success Factors, Public Sector and Project Success.

An Assessment of Critical Success Factors Affecting Public Sector Projects: A Case of Shinyanga Municipality

Industry 4.0 involves innovations with upcoming digital technologies, and blockchain is one of them. Blockchain can be incorporated to improve security, privacy, and data transparency both for small and large enterprises. Industry 4.0 is a synthesis of the new production methods that allow manufacturers to achieve their target more rapidly. Research has been conducted on various Industry 4.0 technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Big data, and Blockchain, and how they could create significant interruptions in recent years. These technologies provide various possibilities in the world of manufacturing and supply chain. Blockchain is a technology that has gained much recognition and can enhance the manufacturing and supply chain environment. Various fields now have fascinating insights into the advantages of blockchain. Several research articles on “Blockchain” and “Industry 4.0″ from Google Scholar, Scopus, and other relevant sources are identified and reviewed for this study. This paper discusses the major potential of Blockchain in Industry 4.0. Various drivers, enablers, and associated capabilities of Blockchain technology for Industry 4.0 are discussed for insights. Different Industry 4.0 spheres/sub-domains for Blockchain technology realisation are also discussed. Finally, we have identified and studied fourteen significant applications of Blockchain in Industry 4.0. It is a range of new developments and hope for immense opportunities that are changing Industry 4.0. This technology would work to achieve amplified outcomes and work individually to enhance the process.

Blockchain technology applications for Industry 4.0: A literature-based review

Traceability implementation in food supply chain: A grey-DEMATEL approach

Evaluating food supply chain performance using hybrid fuzzy MCDM technique

Traceability plays a vital role in the success of Halal Supply Chain (HSC) HSC revolve around the essential dimension of Halal Integrity (HI), whereas traceability is seemed to be medium to assure integrity Thus, a need is felt to identify the factors which are critical to the successful implementation of traceability in Halal Supply Chain Management (HSCM) Identified Twelve Critical Success Factors (CSFs) through an extensive review of literature and opinion of experts Further, a contextual relationship among the CSFs is developed using Total Interpretive Structure Modelling (TISM) approach and derived a model The structural model is analyzed using Fuzzy MICMAC (Matrice d’Impacts Croises-Multipication Applique and Classment-cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification) approach to identify the importance of CSFs by driving and dependence power The primary result indicates towards; that improving the HSCM with the higher level of Halal awareness Assuring HI will enhance the consumer satisfaction which leads to a competitive advantage for the organization Academic researchers, industrial practitioners and Supply Chain executives can understand the complex interrelationship of CSFs by visualizing the TISM It can help the management, lobbies and government to develop the policies regarding the implementation

Implementing traceability systems in specific supply chain management (SCM) through critical success factors (CSFs)

\nPurpose\nRisk in the Halal food supply chain is considered as the failure to deliver the product which complies with Halal standards. The purpose of this paper is to identify the risk elements associated with Halal food supply chains and prioritise them appropriately towards better management.\n\n\nDesign/methodology/approach\nThis research used a systematic literature review to identify various risk elements in the Halal food supply chain and consolidate them with the expertise of professionals and academicians. Further, the fuzzy analytic hierarchical process (fuzzy AHP) is applied to prioritise the identified risk elements.\n\n\nFindings\nThe findings of the research suggest that “supply-related risks” are the most prominent risk. Raw material integrity issue is a vital element in the Halal food supply chain. The failure of the supplier to deliver material that complies with Halal standards reduces the industrial economic advantage. This study recommends that the integration of internal processes and outsourcing elements can mitigate the risk of the Halal food supply chain by having a holistic view of the processing and delivery of Halal foods.\n\n\nResearch limitations/implications\nSystematic literature review and experts’ opinion are used to identify and consolidate risks. For the literature review, only the SCOPUS database is used; thus, there is a chance to overlook some risk elements. Additionally, the fuzzy AHP analysis depends on relative preference weight. Therefore, care should be taken while constructing a pairwise comparison matrix for risk elements.\n\n\nPractical implications\nThe findings of the study can help the managers who have a holistic view on risk mitigation of the Halal food supply chain. This study may assist managers to share information about the processing of Halal food from top to bottom to manage risk.\n\n\nOriginality/value\nThis study may act as a baseline for undertaking future research in the area of risk management of the Halal food supply chain.\n

Shahbaz Khan

Papers

Blockchain technology applications for Industry 4.0: A literature-based review

Traceability implementation in food supply chain: A grey-DEMATEL approach

Evaluating food supply chain performance using hybrid fuzzy MCDM technique

Implementing traceability systems in specific supply chain management (SCM) through critical success factors (CSFs)

Prioritising the risks in Halal food supply chain: an MCDM approach