Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet

There is provided an information processing device including a display section configured to display a first object in a virtual three-dimensional space having a depth direction of a display screen, an operation section configured to acquire an operation for moving the first object in at least the depth direction, and a controller configured to move the first object on the display screen in accordance with the acquired operation, to execute, when a region of the first object overlaps a first overlap determination region, a first process to one or both of the first and second objects, and to execute, when the region of the first object overlaps a second overlap determination region, a second process to one or both of the first and second objects. The first overlap determination region may be a region obtained by extending the second overlap determination region in at least the depth direction.

Information processing device, information processing method, and program

Previous studies of Bengali intonation are primarily concerned with the mapping between syntax and intonation, the existence of accentual and phonological phrases, optionality in phrasing, and realization of focus. While these studies have been influential, they shy away from a full description of Bengali intonation, drawing from a small data set produced by a handful of speakers. At present, there is no comprehensive analysis of Bengali intonation that uses data collected from a wide range of speakers. The current study adopts the framework of intonational phonology (Pierrehumbert, 1980; Ladd, 1996) to develop such an analysis based on a large set of data from approximately 25 Bengali speakers. A pilot study measuring pitch and segment durations in 155 sentences suggests the existence of three pitch accent types (low, high, rising) and three levels of prosodic units whose right edges are marked by a boundary tone (intonation, intermediate, accentual). This suggests that Bengali differs from most other languages (Jun, 2005) in having both (1) contrastive pitch accents and (2) a small prosodic unit that is the domain of the pitch accent (i.e., the accentual phrase). Further analyses will illustrate the phonetic realizations of pitch accents and boundary tones in the language.

Bengali intonational phonology

This study investigates the acoustic correlates of the distinction between primary and secondary stress in English in accented and unaccented morphologically complex words that are either left-prominent or right-prominent (e.g. ˈ vio ˌ late vs. ˌ vio ˈ lation ). In both accented and unaccented words, the position of primary and secondary stress significantly influences F0, intensity, and spectral balance. The effects are, however, much weaker for unaccented words. A model is presented which can, for accented words, very successfully distinguish the two stress patterns on the basis of pitch, intensity, duration, spectral balance in the two stressed syllables and the pitch slope in the left position. In contrast, the stress patterns of unaccented words cannot be successfully detected on the basis of the acoustic parameters. The findings strongly support an accent-based phonological account of the primary-secondary stress distinction. Primary and secondary stress syllables are not different from each other, unless the word is pitch-accented. In this case what is usually labeled the primary stress syllable becomes the target of a nuclear accent. Left-prominent accented words receive one accent, right-prominent accented words two accents. Journal of Phonetics

Acoustic correlates of primary and secondary stress in North American English

Magnetic NiFe2O4/BiOBr composites: One-pot combustion synthesis and enhanced visible-light photocatalytic properties

Critical behavior and magnetocaloric effect in Co50−xNixCr25Al25 (x = 0 and 5) full Heusler alloy system

Electronic- and magnetic-transport properties of NiFe2O4 (NFO)–SiO2–Si heterojunction fabricated by depositing NFO thin films on silicon substrates with the intermediate native oxide (SiO2) layer have been investigated in details. The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics across the junction have been recorded in the temperature range of 10–300 K. All I–V curves show non-linear behavior throughout the temperature range. The dominating current transport mechanism is found to be temperature dependent tunneling assisted by Frenkel–Poole type emission. In this paper, we report the junction magnetoresistance (JMR) properties of this heterojunction in the temperature range of 10–300 K. With increasing temperature, the JMR of the heterojunction increases accordingly. The high positive JMR (~54%) has been observed at room temperature (RT). The origin of high positive JMR at RT is attributed to efficient spin-polarized carrier transport across the junction.

Room temperature giant positive junction magnetoresistance of NiFe2O4/n-Si heterojunction for spintronics application

Phonetic realization of English lexical stress by native (L1) Bengali speakers compared to native (L1) English speakers

This paper conducts a comparative study between L1 and L2 (L1 Bengali) English discourse level speech planning to investigate differences between L1 and L2 English speaker groups in the organization of discourse-level speech planning. For this purpose, English speech of 10 L1 English and 40 L1 Bengali speakers of the same discourse are analyzed in terms of using prosodic and acoustic cues by applying hierarchical discourse prosody framework. From this analysis, between-group differences in discourse level speech planning are found through the speech rate, locations of discourse boundary breaks as well as size and scope of speech planning and chunking units. Result of analysis shows that the speech rate of L1 English speakers is higher than that of L2 English speakers, L2 English speakers contain more break boundary than that of the L1 English speakers at every discourse level in the organization, which exhibit the fact that L2 English speakers use more intermediate chunking units and larger scale planning units than that of L1 English speakers. Between-group differences are also found through the analysis of phrase component at prosodic phrase level and accent component at the prosodic word level. These findings can be attributed to L2 English speakers' improper phrasing, improper word level prominence and the ambiguous difference between content words and function words. The study concludes that the deficiencies in English strategy for L1 Bengali speakers' discourse-level speech planning compared to L1 English speakers are due to the influence of L1 (Bengali) prosody at the L2 discourse level.

Discourse prosody planning in native (L1) and nonnative (L2) (L1-Bengali) English: a comparative study

The half metallic ferromagnet Co2CrAl full Huesler alloy was successfully prepared by arc melting process. The electrical and magnetic properties of Co2CrAl alloy have been studied in the temperature range of 5 – 300 K. The ferromagnetic Curie temperature Tc of the same alloy has been observed at 329.8 K. The alloy shows semiconducting like electronic transport behavior throughout the studied temperature range. The origin of the semiconducting behavior of Co2CrAl alloy can be best explained by the localization of conduction electrons and the presence of an energy gap in the electronic spectrum near the Fermi level EF.

Shambhu Nath Saha

Papers

Critical behavior and magnetocaloric effect in Co50−xNixCr25Al25 (x = 0 and 5) full Heusler alloy system

Room temperature giant positive junction magnetoresistance of NiFe2O4/n-Si heterojunction for spintronics application

Phonetic realization of English lexical stress by native (L1) Bengali speakers compared to native (L1) English speakers

Discourse prosody planning in native (L1) and nonnative (L2) (L1-Bengali) English: a comparative study

Structural and magnetization behavior of highly spin polarized Co2CrAl full Heusler alloy