Many authors have speculated about a close relationship between vocal expression of emotions and musical expression of emotions. but evidence bearing on this relationship has unfortunately been lacking. This review of 104 studies of vocal expression and 41 studies of music performance reveals similarities between the 2 channels concerning (a) the accuracy with which discrete emotions were communicated to listeners and (b) the emotion-specific patterns of acoustic cues used to communicate each emotion. The patterns are generally consistent with K. R. Scherer's (1986) theoretical predictions. The results can explain why music is perceived as expressive of emotion, and they are consistent with an evolutionary perspective on vocal expression of emotions. Discussion focuses on theoretical accounts and directions for future research.

/pdf/communication-of-emotions-in-vocal-expression-and-music-2to7fzkqnc.pdf

Communication of emotions in vocal expression and music performance: different channels, same code?

Research on value congruence has attempted to explain why value congruence leads to positive outcomes, but few of these explanations have been tested empirically. In this article, the authors develop and test a theoretical model that integrates 4 key explanations of value congruence effects, which are framed in terms of communication, predictability, interpersonal attraction, and trust. These constructs are used to explain the process by which value congruence relates to job satisfaction, organizational identification, and intent to stay in the organization, after taking psychological need fulfillment into account. Data from a heterogeneous sample of employees from 4 organizations indicate that the relationships that link individual and organizational values to outcomes are explained primarily by the trust that employees place in the organization and its members, followed by communication, and, to a lesser extent, interpersonal attraction. Polynomial regression analyses reveal that the relationships emanating from individual and organizational values often deviated from the idealized value congruence relationship that underlies previous theory and research. The authors' results also show that individual and organizational values exhibited small but significant relationships with job satisfaction and organizational identification that bypassed the mediators in their model, indicating that additional explanations of value congruence effects should be pursued in future research.

/pdf/the-value-of-value-congruence-47ytahogx7.pdf

The value of value congruence.

Introduction BASIC RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES 2. Measuring facial actions 3. Vocal expression of affect 4. Proxemics, kinesics and gaze 5. Conducting judgment studies: some methodological issues RESEARCH APPLICATIONS IN NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR 6. Nonverbal behavior and interpersonal sensitivity 7. Nonverbal behavior in education 8. Nonverbal behavior and psychopathology 9. Research methods in detecting deception research 10. Nonverbal communication coding systems of committed couples 11. Macrovariables in affective expression in women with breast cancer participating in support groups SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS 12. Technical issues in recording nonverbal behavior Appendix: Methodological issues in studying nonverbal behavior

/pdf/the-new-handbook-of-methods-in-nonverbal-behavior-research-5asqu0semk.pdf

The New Handbook of Methods in Nonverbal Behavior Research

"I show how you feel": Motor mimicry as a communicative act.

Social Signal Processing is the research domain aimed at bridging the social intelligence gap between humans and machines. This paper is the first survey of the domain that jointly considers its three major aspects, namely, modeling, analysis, and synthesis of social behavior. Modeling investigates laws and principles underlying social interaction, analysis explores approaches for automatic understanding of social exchanges recorded with different sensors, and synthesis studies techniques for the generation of social behavior via various forms of embodiment. For each of the above aspects, the paper includes an extensive survey of the literature, points to the most important publicly available resources, and outlines the most fundamental challenges ahead.

/pdf/bridging-the-gap-between-social-animal-and-unsocial-machine-28vclv3t3o.pdf

Bridging the Gap between Social Animal and Unsocial Machine: A Survey of Social Signal Processing

Nonverbal behavior and nonverbal communication

JANCOVIC, MERRYANN; DEVOE, SHANNON; and WIENER, MORTON. Age-related Changes in Hand and Arm Movements as Nonverbal Communication: Some Conceptualizations and an Empirical Exploration. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1975, 46, 922-928. 2 sets of assumptions about nonverbal communications and their implications for changes in hand and arm gestures over age are considered. The traditional set seems to view all communicative hand and arm movements as primitive precursors to later verbalizations and to imply a decrease in these gestures as age and verbal fluency increase. The second view, based on a model of communication described by Wiener, Devoe, Rubinow, and Geller (1972) and Wiener and Mehrabian (1968), predicts differences in kinds of nonverbal communication behaviors over age rather than a decrease. Some data are generated which show that the use of communicative hand and arm movements by children (4-18 years) changes as predicted by the latter view. The relevance of these data and other implications for the investigation of nonverbal communication patterns over age are also discussed.

Age-related changes in hand and arm movements as nonverbal communication: Some conceptualizations and an empirical exploration.

Comparison of middle- and working-class speakers finds a significant difference in the type, number, and rate of nonverbal behaviors used in regulating conversation.

Shannon Devoe

Papers

Nonverbal behavior and nonverbal communication

Age-related changes in hand and arm movements as nonverbal communication: Some conceptualizations and an empirical exploration.

Social Patterns of Turn‐taking: Nonverbal Regulators

‘Acquisition’ of Communication Competence: Is Language Enough?