Showing papers in "Journal of Communication in 1978"
TL;DR: This paper argued that the massive threats to human welfare are generally brought about by deliberate acts and that it is the principled resort to aggression that is of greatest social concern but most ignored in psychological theorizing and research.
Abstract: “The massive threats to human welfare are generally brought about by deliberate acts…, It is the principled resort to aggression that is of greatest social concern but most ignored in psychological theorizing and research.”
1,013 citations
TL;DR: Latest report stresses methodology, current findings on the distribution of power in television drama, and the behaviorial correlates of viewing.
Abstract: Latest report stresses methodology, current findings on the distribution of power in television drama, and the behaviorial correlates of viewing.
352 citations
TL;DR: The authors argue that defenders of the generic masculine who are alternately amused and outraged by demands for nonsexist language seem to echo Humpty Dumpty's famous retort: "When I use a word, it means just what I choose it to mean."
Abstract: “Those defenders of the generic masculine who are alternately amused and outraged by demands for nonsexist language seem to echo Humpty Dumpty's famous retort: ‘When I use a word, it means just what I choose it to mean.…’”
137 citations
93 citations
TL;DR: A three-yeax study showed more women experts selling products for women but still backed up by the "known quantity" of an authoritative male authority over women as mentioned in this paper, but still supported by the same men.
Abstract: Three-yeax study shows more women experts selling products for women but still backed up by the “known quantity” of an authoritative male uoice-over.
62 citations
TL;DR: Although an initial displacer of social engagement, television may ultimately foster increased interpersonal contact by serving as a focal point for shared activities as discussed by the authors, which is a positive effect of social media.
Abstract: Although an initial displacer of social engagement, television may ultimately foster increased interpersonal contact by serving as a focal point for shared activities.
58 citations
TL;DR: Content analysis shows alcohol as the only drug used more than once per hour; intimate sex is presented or talked about nearly twice per hour, seldom between married partners.
Abstract: Content analysis shows alcohol as the only drug used more than twice per hour; intimate sex is presented or talked about nearly twice per hour, seldom between married partners.
57 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that traditional media practices so limit access to the media that they have become "a means not to know" that they become a means to not know.
Abstract: Journalistic practices so limit access to the media that they have become “a means not to know.”
57 citations
TL;DR: A scale with face validity for measuring oral communication apprehension in the organizational setting was generated and found to have adequate internal reliability, concurrent validity with the PRCA, and predictive validity in theizational environment.
Abstract: A scale with face validity for measuring oral communication apprehension in the organizational setting was generated and found to have adequate internal reliability, concurrent validity with the PRCA, and predictive validity in the organizational environment.
55 citations
TL;DR: The effectiveness of a teleconference appears to depend on the nature of the task to be accomplished as discussed by the authors, and the effectiveness of teleconferences can be highly dependent on the task being discussed.
Abstract: The effectiveness of a teleconference appears to depend on the nature of the task to be accomplished.
52 citations
TL;DR: “As with life itself, the prognosis for an information society is mixed, the remedy inconclusive,” the report says.
Abstract: “As with life itself, the prognosis for an information society is mixed, the remedy inconclusive.”
TL;DR: In this paper, self development implies a different role for communication than the usual top-down development approach of the past, and the authors propose a different approach for self-development.
Abstract: “Self development implies a different role for communication than the usual top-down development approach of the past.”
TL;DR: Surveys reveal that exposure shapes children's views of the amount of sickness in society and the efficacy of medicinal cure or relief.
Abstract: Surveys reveal that exposure shapes children's views of the amount of sickness in society and the efficacy of medicinal cure or relief
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TL;DR: This article found that children viewing an entertainment program with an adult supplying interpretive comments retained more information than children who did not receive such guidance, while viewing the same program without such guidance.
Abstract: Children viewing an entertainment program with un adult supplying interpretive comments retained more information than children who did not receive such guidance.
TL;DR: Reasoning is better than ordering, but when the product in question appears highly attractive in a commercial, all forms of counter-influence fail as discussed by the authors, and counter influence fails.
Abstract: Reasoning is better than ordering, but “when the product in question appears highly attractive in a commercial… all forms of counter-influence fail.”
TL;DR: For both men and women, the best inducement to change sexist language habits was a female who encouraged them to do so as discussed by the authors, which was found to be true for both genders.
Abstract: For both men and women, the best inducement to change sexist language habits was a female who encouraged them to do so.
TL;DR: Health practitioners' styles of interactions show a disconfirming response and often a denial of patients'pain.
Abstract: Health practitioners' styles of interactions show a disconfirming response and often a denial of patients'pain.
TL;DR: The goal of research should be to discover the interrelationships of those persons, settings, and types of equipment which make a teleconference successful.
Abstract: The goal of research should be to discover the interrelationships of those persons, settings, and types of equipment which make a teleconference successful.
TL;DR: While the Western world remains dominated by the logic of the left brain hemisphere, its art and entertainment are moving right—“a formula for complete chaos.”
Abstract: While the Western world remains dominated by the logic of the left brain hemisphere, its art and entertainment are moving right—“a formula for complete chaos.”
TL;DR: On the awareness of political issues, watching the presidential debates appeared to widen the existing information gap between the knowledge rich and the knowledge poor as discussed by the authors, which may indicate a lack of awareness.
Abstract: On the awareness of political issues, watching the presidential debates appeared to widen the existing information gap between the knowledge-rich and the knowledge-poor.
TL;DR: This paper found a significant difference in the type, number, and rate of nonverbal behaviors used in regulating conversation between middle-class and working-class speakers in a comparison of middle and working class speakers.
Abstract: Comparison of middle- and working-class speakers finds a significant difference in the type, number, and rate of nonverbal behaviors used in regulating conversation.
TL;DR: A summary of developments and issues behind the current UNESCO General Conference and next year's World Administrative Radio Conference can be found in this article, with a discussion of the main issues of the current conference.
Abstract: A summary of developments and issues behind the current UNESCO General Conference and next year's World Administrative Radio Conference.
TL;DR: Video is not very valuable, audio is adequate, and neither is necessary; for most scientific communication, computerized conferencing is more satisfactory.
Abstract: Video is not very valuable, audio is adequate, and neither is necessary; for most scientific communication, computerized conferencing is more satisfactory.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that broadcast reform is most likely to be achieved through established organizations with credibility and political clout, such as broadcast broadcast reform organizations, which are more likely to have credibility and influence.
Abstract: Genuine broadcast reform is most likely to be achieved through established organizations with credibility and political clout.
TL;DR: In this paper, economic analysis shows that divesting networks from owned stations would allow far more competition and removal of one of the barriers to new independent programming, which is the lack of access to data.
Abstract: Economic analysis shows that divesting networks from owned stations “would allow far more competition … and remozle one of the barriers to … new independent programming.”
TL;DR: The extent of verbal aggression expressed after having watched violent movies was examined to examine whether or not the results of laboratory experiments on the relationship between viewing film violence and subsequent observer aggression can be generalized to real-life situations.
Abstract: VioLit summary: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study by Sebastian et al. was to examine: (1) the extent of verbal aggression expressed after having watched violent movies; (2) whether or not the results of laboratory experiments on the relationship between viewing film violence and subsequent observer aggression can be generalized to real-life situations; (3) the duration of aggression-facilitating effects of media violence, and (4) the effect of multiple exposure to media violence. METHODOLOGY: This was an experimental static group comparison of 74 males, ages 12-19 years, who were randomly assigned to four cottages at a minimum security penal institution for juveniles. An additional 15 participants lived in the cottages, but were excluded from the study (2 refused, 5 did not cooperate, and the data was lost on the last 8). To ensure comparability of the boys, analysis of their characteristics was carried out. The boys in each of the four cottages were shown commercially available movies: one group saw 5 violent movies, one each night of the week, another saw 5 non-violent movies, one each night of the week, another saw 1 violent movie, and the last group saw 1 non-violent movie. After viewing each movie, the boys rated its content. The next day, after all boys had seen the movies, a trained confederate peer criticized each boy as they put together a puzzle while a trained judge observed the participant's response. The confederate peer either mildly or severely harassed and criticized the boy, depending on the random assignment of the boy to the exposure. Each boy experienced each distraction condition. The level of verbal aggression expressed after watching the movie(s), with and without reinforcing verbal aggression towards the subjects, was measured. The boys perceived the aggressive movies as significantly more violent than the non-aggressive movies (all t-tests were two-tailed and significant at least at the .02 level). The objective analysis of the aggressive content of the movies was also statistically significant for the 5 movie case (t8=4. 59, p FINDINGS/DISCUSSION: (1) Boys who saw the aggressive movie(s) expressed significantly more intense verbal aggression than those who viewed non-aggressive movie(s) (F1,66=3. 72, p=0. 058). (2) Boys who were severely harassed and criticized were more verbally aggressive than those who were mildly distracted (F1,66=34. 95, p AUTHORS' RECOMMENDATIONS: Future research on the effects of multiple exposures would have to control for the viewer's already substantial media exposure and pay attention to the similarity of stimuli and time between exposures. (CSPV Abstract - Copyright © 1992-2007 by the Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence, Institute of Behavioral Science, Regents of the University of Colorado) KW - Media Violence Effects KW - Film Violence KW - Exposure to Violence KW - Juvenile Male KW - Juvenile Inmate KW - Juvenile Aggression KW - Early Adolescence KW - Late Adolescence KW - Inmate Aggression KW - Inmate Studies KW - Incarcerated KW - Juvenile Correctional Institution KW - Aggression Causes KW - Verbal Aggression KW - Male Aggression KW - Male Inmate Language: en
TL;DR: “Working on relationships in oral exchange permits the retreat into silence to be more efective and meaningful.”
Abstract: “Working on relationships in oral exchange permits the retreat into silence to be more efective and meaningful.”