The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis was initiated in July 2000 to investigate the prevalence, correlates, and progression of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a population-based sample of 6,500 men and women aged 45-84 years. The cohort will be selected from six US field centers. Approximately 38% of the cohort will be White, 28% African-American, 23% Hispanic, and 11% Asian (of Chinese descent). Baseline measurements will include measurement of coronary calcium using computed tomography; measurement of ventricular mass and function using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; measurement of flow-mediated brachial artery endothelial vasodilation, carotid intimal-medial wall thickness, and distensibility of the carotid arteries using ultrasonography; measurement of peripheral vascular disease using ankle and brachial blood pressures; electrocardiography; and assessments of microalbuminuria, standard CVD risk factors, sociodemographic factors, life habits, and psychosocial factors. Blood samples will be assayed for putative biochemical risk factors and stored for use in nested case-control studies. DNA will be extracted and lymphocytes will be immortalized for genetic studies. Measurement of selected subclinical disease indicators and risk factors will be repeated for the study of progression over 7 years. Participants will be followed through 2008 for identification and characterization of CVD events, including acute myocardial infarction and other coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and congestive heart failure; therapeutic interventions for CVD; and mortality.

/pdf/multi-ethnic-study-of-atherosclerosis-objectives-and-design-2ly8fyhifg.pdf

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis: Objectives and Design

The Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine acknowledges the scientific validity of this product as a background paper and as a review that captures the levels of evidence in the management of patients with chronic stable angina as of November 17, 2002





The American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) Task Force on Practice Guidelines regularly reviews existing guidelines to determine when an update or a full revision is needed This process gives priority to areas in which major changes in text, and particularly recommendations, are merited on the basis of new understanding or evidence Minor changes in verbiage and references are discouraged

The ACC/AHA/American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine (ACP-ASIM) Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina, which were published in June 1999, have now been updated The full-text guideline incorporating the updated material is available on the Internet (wwwaccorg or wwwamericanheartorg) in both a track-changes version showing the changes in the 1999 guideline in strike-out (deleted text) and highlighting …

https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/bz60cz34d

ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with chronic stable angina--summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina)

Sevelamer attenuates the progression of coronary and aortic calcification in hemodialysis patients.

This scientific statement reviews the scientific data for cardiac computed tomography (CT) related to imaging of coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerosis. Cardiac CT is a CT imaging technique that accounts for cardiac motion, typically through the use of ECG gating. The utility and limitations of generations of cardiac CT systems are reviewed in this statement with emphasis on CT measurement of CAD and coronary artery calcified plaque (CACP) and noncalcified plaque. Successive generations of CT technology have been applied to cardiac imaging beginning in the early 1980s with conventional CT, electron beam CT (EBCT) in 1987, and multidetector CT (MDCT) in 1999. Compared with other imaging modalities, cardiac CT has undergone an accelerated …

/pdf/assessment-of-coronary-artery-disease-by-cardiac-computed-2wtsac0gh8.pdf

Assessment of coronary artery disease by cardiac computed tomography : A scientific statement from the american heart association committee on cardiovascular imaging and intervention, council on cardiovascular radiology and intervention, and committee on cardiac imaging, council on clinical cardiology

In 1616, Sir William Harvey was the first to describe the importance of right ventricular (RV) function in his seminal treatise, De Motu Cordis : “Thus the right ventricle may be said to be made for the sake of transmitting blood through the lungs, not for nourishing them.”1,2 For many years that followed, emphasis in cardiology was placed on left ventricular (LV) physiology, overshadowing the study of the RV. In the first half of the 20th century, the study of RV function was limited to a small group of investigators who were intrigued by the hypothesis that human circulation could function adequately without RV contractile function.3 Their studies, however, were based on an open pericardial dog model, which failed to take into account the complex nature of ventricular interaction. In the early 1950s through the 1970s, cardiac surgeons recognized the importance of right-sided function as they evaluated procedures to palliate right-heart hypoplasia. Since then, the importance of RV function has been recognized in heart failure, RV myocardial infarction, congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension. More recently, advances in echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging have created new opportunities for the study of RV anatomy and physiology.

The goal of the present review is to offer a clinical perspective on RV structure and function. In the first part, we discuss the anatomy, physiology, aging, and assessment of the RV. In the second part, we discuss the pathophysiology, clinical importance, and management of RV failure.

### Macroscopic Anatomy of the RV

In the normal heart, the RV is the most anteriorly situated cardiac chamber and lies immediately behind the sternum. In the absence of transposition of great arteries, the RV is delimited by the annulus of the tricuspid valve and by the pulmonary valve. As suggested by Goor and Lillehi,4 the RV can be described in …

Right Ventricular Function in Cardiovascular Disease, Part I Anatomy, Physiology, Aging, and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle

Prognostic value of coronary calcification and angiographic stenoses in patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Rationale and objective:We devised to test the feasibility of measuring the left and right ventricular sizes by non-contrast electron beam tomographic images. Methods:Ventricular sizes consist of the sum of the intracavitary cavity and myocardial mass for each ventricle. A total of 50 image studies from subjects undergoing contrast-enhanced studies were used to develop the measurement methodology. About 20 contrast studies were used to test the measure. The methodology was then prospectively tested on 75 patients with non-contrast studies to estimate the intra-observer, inter-observer and inter-study reproducibility. Results:Multiple linear regression analysis was completed and the correct regression formulas to calculate ventricular volumes were acquired by using the area and span from the contrast studies. There was excellent correlation between the estimate of LV (r > 0.97, p 0.93, p 0.89, p < 0.001). Conclusion:We conclude that the left and right ventricular sizes can be accurately estimated from a single mid-ventricular slice on non-contrast electron beam tomographic images.

A simple single slice method for measurement of left and right ventricular enlargement by electron beam tomography.

https://www.internationaljournalofcardiology.com/article/S0167-5273(99)00109-6/pdf

ShaoJung Wang

Papers

Prognostic value of coronary calcification and angiographic stenoses in patients undergoing coronary angiography.

A simple single slice method for measurement of left and right ventricular enlargement by electron beam tomography.

Effect of exercise on left and right ventricular ejection fraction and wall motion

Simple single-section method for measurement of left and right atrial volumes with electron-beam CT.