Abbreviated Contents Figures and Tables Preface Introduction and Examples Concepts Relevant to Information Behavior Models, Paradigms, and Theories in the Study of Information Behavior Methods for Studying Information Behavior Research Results and Reflections Appendix: Glossary Appendix: Questions for Discussion and Application References Index

Looking for Information: A Survey of Research on Information Seeking, Needs and Behavior

Representing Reality: Discourse, Rhetoric and Social Construction

https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/general/lancet_2.pdf

Sexual behaviour in context: a global perspective.

Clinical prediction rules, sometimes called clinical decision rules, have proliferated in recent years. However, very few have undergone formal impact analysis, the standard of evidence to assess their impact on patient care. Without impact analysis, clinicians cannot know whether using a prediction rule will be beneficial or harmful. This paper reviews standards of evidence for developing and evaluating prediction rules; important differences between prediction rules and decision rules; how to assess the potential clinical impact of a prediction rule before translating it into a decision rule; methodologic issues critical to successful impact analysis, including defining outcome measures and estimating sample size; the importance of close collaboration between clinical investigators and practicing clinicians before, during, and after impact analysis; and the need to measure both efficacy and effectiveness when analyzing a decision rule's clinical impact. These considerations should inform future development, evaluation, and use of all clinical prediction or decision rules.

Translating Clinical Research into Clinical Practice: Impact of Using Prediction Rules To Make Decisions

Buried in the pedantic pages of this book is a pointed challenge to medicine. Simply stated, Freidson's view is that the medical profession has become too autonomous and too powerful for the good of society, and that it must therefore be regulated. Like the prominent medical sociologist he is, the author develops his argument through an exhaustive theoretical analysis. He begins with the formal organization of the profession and proceeds to the ways in which the performance of its work is organized and regulated. He denies that the knowledge required for clinical practice is so esoteric that it cannot be questioned by lay persons. The "clinical mentality" he finds to be characterized by action orientation and pragmatism. Physicians, he concedes, do have a service orientation as well, but he believes it to be not prominent and not a sufficient basis for claims to professional autonomy. Physicians expect to be allowed

Profession of Medicine: A Study of the Sociology of Applied Knowledge

Librarians' experiences of the teaching role: A national survey of librarians

Focusing on information behavior in a context where medical evidence is explicitly evolving (management of the menopause transition), this investigation explored how women interact with and make sense of uncertain health information mediated by formal and informal sources. Based on interviews with 28 information seekers and 12 health professionals (HPs), findings demonstrate that participants accessed and valued a wide range of information sources, moved fluidly between formal and informal sources, and trust was strengthened through interaction and referral between sources. Participants were motivated to seek information to prepare for formal encounters with HPs, evaluate and/or supplement information already gathered, establish that they were “normal,” understand and address the physical embodiment of their experiences, and prepare for future information needs. Findings revealed four strategies used to construct sense from health information mediated by the many information sources encountered and accessed on an everyday basis: women assumed analytic and experiential “postures”; they valued social contexts for learning and knowledge construction; information consistency was used as a heuristic representing accuracy and credibility; and an important feature of sense making was source complementarity. Implications for health information literacy and patient education are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Constructing “sense” from evolving health information: A qualitative investigation of information seeking and sense making across sources

Purpose – Library staff are experiencing increased work role complexity as they move from being service providers towards greater instructional roles, providing bibliographic instruction, user education, and information literacy instruction. The purpose of this paper is to explore how library staff relate to their instructional roles and the implications of those self‐understandings for instructional outcomes.Design/methodology/approach – Data collected from qualitative interviews with library staff in Canadian academic and public libraries and diary entries written over a three‐month period were analyzed using NVivo software and an open‐coding, grounded‐theory approach. The study took a phenomenological perspective and was influenced by constructivist sociological role theory.Findings – Data analysis revealed the central place of affect in the experiences of librarians engaged in instructional work, and brought focus to the relational aspects of this work and the affective impact of visibility/invisibili...

Emotional labour in librarians' instructional work

http://www.teenstar.hr/assets/docs/1_AJOGpaper_Genuis_20041206.pdf

Managing the sexually transmitted disease pandemic: A time for reevaluation

This paper investigates the translation of medical information into clinical practice and the role of thoughtful dissent by exploring the influence of sociological factors on change, the impact of evidence-based medicine (EBM), and the role of industry. Changing practice related to hormone therapy for menopausal and post-menopausal women provides context for this discussion. Medical change involves diffusion of ideas to potential users and ongoing reconciliation of new information with old ideas; this process is influenced by sociological factors including values and experiences, interpersonal relationships and local context. While EBM has alerted doctors to the importance of high quality research and theoretically provides a tool for translating research into practice, there are important problems with its application: (1) it has resulted in a reductionist approach to research and illness; (2) there is a considerable gap between research findings and the complex environment of clinical practice; and (3) EBM has been appropriated by experts, thus corporately developed 'standard-of-care' documents have become instruments of external regulation, and EBM has ceased to be a tool in the hand of individual clinicians. In addition, industry impacts the translation of knowledge by significantly influencing academia, researchers, medical publications, consensus conferences, and practising doctors. While questioning doctrinaire practices or directives is a daunting prospect for individual clinicians, the translation of knowledge into practice and evolution of medical thought is dependent on the progressive role of thoughtful dissent.

Shelagh K. Genuis

Papers

Librarians' experiences of the teaching role: A national survey of librarians

Constructing “sense” from evolving health information: A qualitative investigation of information seeking and sense making across sources

Emotional labour in librarians' instructional work

Managing the sexually transmitted disease pandemic: A time for reevaluation

Exploring the continuum: medical information to effective clinical practice. Paper I: the translation of knowledge into clinical practice*