Nanostructured elements are provided for use in the electrode of a membrane electrode assembly for use in fuel cells, sensors, electrochemical cells, and the like. The nanostructured elements comprise acicular microstructured support whiskers bearing acicular nanoscopic catalyst particles which may comprise alternating layers of catalyst materials, which may comprise a surface layer that differs in composition from the bulk composition of the catalyst particles, and which may demonstrate improved carbon monoxide tolerance.

Catalyst for membrane electrode assembly and method of making

A membrane electrode assembly is provided comprising an ion conducting membrane and one or more electrode layers that comprise nanostructured elements, wherein the nanostructured elements are in incomplete contact with the ion conducting membrane. This invention also provides methods to make the membrane electrode assembly of the invention. The membrane electrode assembly of this invention is suitable for use in electrochemical devices, including proton exchange membrane fuel cells, electrolyzers, chlor-alkali separation membranes, and the like.

Membrane electrode assembly

Microtextured catalyst transfer substrate

A method is provided for making a membrane electrode that employs a composite membrane, which include both a porous membrane and an ion conducting electrolyte, by partially filling a porous membrane with an ion conducting electrolyte to form a partially filled membrane and then compressing the partially filled membrane with electrode particles so as to remove void volume from the partially filled membrane and embed the electrode particles in the partially filled membrane. The membrane electrode of this invention is suitable for use in electrochemical devices, including proton exchange membrane fuel cells, electrolyzers, chlor-alkali separation membranes, and the like.

Membrane electrode assembly and method of its manufacture

A thin-film magnetic field sensor having a high detection sensitivity with a simple structure and a reduction in the measurement error due to temperature changes etc. This magnetic field sensor has two arms of a bridge circuit which consist of an element (5) comprising a soft magnetic thin film disposed on both sides of a giant magnetoresistance thin film and provided with electric terminals and an element (10) with a conductor film disposed on both sides of the giant magnetoresistance thin film and provided with electric terminals. Although the sensitivity of the electric resistance value of the element (10) to a magnetic field is substantially zero in a low magnetic field, changes in the electric resistance value due to factors other than the magnetic field is equalized to those of the element (5). Since the output of a bridge circuit is proportional to a difference between the electric resistance values of the elements (5, 10), change factors due to those other than the electric field are cancelled from the output of the bridge circuit, so that a value of the electric field can be determined accurately.

Thin-film magnetic field sensor

PURPOSE: To obtain an amorphous Co alloy with low magnetostriction and high permeability by adding Zr and one or more among Cr, Mo and W to Co in a specified atomic ratio, and subjecting to specified heat treatment. CONSTITUTION: This amorphous alloy consists or 7W15 atomic% Zr, 4W16 atomic% one or more among Cr, Mo and W and the balance practically Co. It is obtd. as follows: for example, a molten alloy having such a specified composition is rapidly cooled and solidified as an alloy thin strip by continuous spouting onto the outside of a disc rotating at a high speed. This alloy is annealed at a temp. below the crystallization temp. in a magnetic field under stress. This alloy has high wear resistance as well as superior soft magnetic characteristics such as small coercive force and high permeability. When it is formed into a thin strip, cutting, punching and other working are easily carried out, and it is suitably used as a magnetic core material for a magnetic head, a high frequency transformer, etc. COPYRIGHT: (C)1981,JPO&Japio

Amorphous cobalt alloy with very low magnetostriction and high permeability

PURPOSE: To make the resulting titled alloy more inexpensive and enhance the plastic workability by adjusting an Fe alloy to a specified composition contg. Zr and one or more kinds of metalloids. CONSTITUTION: This amorphous Fe alloy of high permeability consists of, by atom, 4W15% Zr, 5W30% one or more selected from Be, B, C, N, Al, Si, P, Ge, As and S and the balance essentially Fe. The total amount of Zr and other elements except Fe is 14W35%. This alloy has superior magnetic characteristics and thermal stability, and the magnetic characteristics can be enhanced furthermore by subjecting the alloy to a predetermined heat treatment or by subjecting the alloy to a predetermined heat treatment in a magnetic field. COPYRIGHT: (C)1981,JPO&Japio

Amorphous iron alloy of high permeability

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a electromagnetic wave absorbing film which is formed of nano-granular soft magnetic film that is large in electric resistivity, saturation magnetization, and anisotropic magnetic field, and has a large absorbing characteristic of electromagnetic wave in the GHz band SOLUTION: This electromagnetic wave absorbing film is formed of nano- granular soft magnetic film, which is represented by a general expression, M100-XIX (M is highly densely distributed ferromagnetic fine grains that are made of either of Co and Ni or more than two kinds of elements and have a particle size of 10 nm or less, and I is a grain boundary substance made of insulator such as an oxide, nitride, or fluoride, etc, surrounding the ferromagnetic fine grains of M, and an atomic ratio X of I is 10<X<50), and which has a saturation magnetization of 6 kG or higher, anisotropic magnetic field of 30 Oe or more, and electric resistivity of 150 μΩcm or more and has a value of the imaginary part of the complex permeability of 30 or more in the GHz band

Electromagnetic wave absorbing film

PURPOSE:To obtain a magnetic head material made of magnetic alloy which is practically noncrystalline by combining transition metal components comprising a ternary compsn. of Fe, Co and Ni with metalloids comprising B or B and Si so as to attain a specified compsn.

Magnetic head material

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a thin film magnetic reluctance element which has high magnetic field sensitivity and is excellent in heat resistance, by compounding a soft magnetic thin film and a gigantic magnetic reluctance(GMR) thin film which is excellent in heat resistance. SOLUTION: A thin film magnetic reluctance element shows high magnetic field sensitivity in a weak magnetic field by high permeability of a soft magnetic thin film with high saturation magnetic flux density, by compounding a soft magnetic thin film and a GMR thin film. It also shows good magnetic field sensitivity even in temperature environment of 200°C or higher by good heat resistance of a GMR thin film. Electric resistivity of a gigantic magnetic reluctance thin film is 100 or more times as large as electric resistivity of a soft magnetic thin film. COPYRIGHT: (C)1999,JPO

Shigehiro Onuma

Papers

Amorphous cobalt alloy with very low magnetostriction and high permeability

Amorphous iron alloy of high permeability

Electromagnetic wave absorbing film

Magnetic head material

Thin film magnetic reluctance element