Nanostructured elements are provided for use in the electrode of a membrane electrode assembly for use in fuel cells, sensors, electrochemical cells, and the like. The nanostructured elements comprise acicular microstructured support whiskers bearing acicular nanoscopic catalyst particles which may comprise alternating layers of catalyst materials, which may comprise a surface layer that differs in composition from the bulk composition of the catalyst particles, and which may demonstrate improved carbon monoxide tolerance.

Catalyst for membrane electrode assembly and method of making

A membrane electrode assembly is provided comprising an ion conducting membrane and one or more electrode layers that comprise nanostructured elements, wherein the nanostructured elements are in incomplete contact with the ion conducting membrane. This invention also provides methods to make the membrane electrode assembly of the invention. The membrane electrode assembly of this invention is suitable for use in electrochemical devices, including proton exchange membrane fuel cells, electrolyzers, chlor-alkali separation membranes, and the like.

Membrane electrode assembly

Magnetic materials comprising Fe, B and R (rare earth elements) having a major phase of an Fe-B-R intermetallic compound which may be a tetragonal system, wherein at least 50 at % of R consists of Nd and/or Pr, and anisotropic sintered permanent magnets consisting essentially of 8-30 at % R, 2028 at %, B and the balance being Fe with impurities. These magnetic materials and permanent magnets may contain additional elements M (Ti, Ni, Bi, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Al, Sb, Ge, Sn, Zr, Hf), thus providing Fe-B-R-M type materials and magnets.

Magnetic materials and permanent magnets

Magnetically hard compositions having high values of coercivity, remanence and energy product contain rare earth elements, transition metal elements and boron in suitable proportions. The preferred rare earth elements are neodymium and praseodymium, and the preferred transition metal element is iron. The magnetic alloys have characteristic very finely crystalline microstructures.

High energy product rare earth-iron magnet alloys

Permanent magnet materials of the Fe-B-R type are produced by: preparing a metallic powder having a mean particle size of 0.3-80 microns and a composition of 8-30 at % R, 2-28 at % B, and the balance Fe, compacting, and sintering, at a temperature of 900-1200 degrees C. Co up to 50 at % may be present. Additional elements M (Ti, Ni, Bi, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Al, Sb, Ge, Sn, Zr, Hf) may be present. The process is applicable for anisotropic and isotropic magnet materials.

Process for producing permanent magnet materials

PURPOSE:To obtain a magnetic head of high solidity and high resistivity by using an amorphous alloy as a high magnetic permeability metal material. CONSTITUTION:A high magnetic permeability amorphous alloy consists of: (A) one kind or more than one kind of P, C, B, (B) in case of two or more kinds, at least one kind of Fe or Co including total atomic weight of 7 through 35% and the other has ferromagnetic material at nominal temperature. Or in atomic percentage: (a) Ni 50% or less (b) Si 25% or less (c) one or more than one kind out of Cr, or Mo, Zr, Al, W, Cu etc. of 10% or less (d) one kind or more than one kind of Pr, Sm, Eu etc. A high magnetic permeability amorphous alloy is formed by containing one or more than one component of 5% or less of the above (a) through (d). The component shall be 50% or less in total. These amorphous alloys have specially superior magnetic characteristics in addition to superior mechanical characteristics and conventional abrasion of material and difficulty in plastic process will be improved. The alloys are formed at the inside of a drum by jetting a material metal melted at the inside of the high rotating drum with good thermal conductivity in the atmosphere of Ar.

Magnetic head using high magnetic permeability amorphous alloy

Amorphous alloy for magnetic heads with low magnetostriction and high wear resistance property

PURPOSE: To obtain an amorphous Co alloy with low magnetostriction and high permeability by adding Zr and one or more among Cr, Mo and W to Co in a specified atomic ratio, and subjecting to specified heat treatment. CONSTITUTION: This amorphous alloy consists or 7W15 atomic% Zr, 4W16 atomic% one or more among Cr, Mo and W and the balance practically Co. It is obtd. as follows: for example, a molten alloy having such a specified composition is rapidly cooled and solidified as an alloy thin strip by continuous spouting onto the outside of a disc rotating at a high speed. This alloy is annealed at a temp. below the crystallization temp. in a magnetic field under stress. This alloy has high wear resistance as well as superior soft magnetic characteristics such as small coercive force and high permeability. When it is formed into a thin strip, cutting, punching and other working are easily carried out, and it is suitably used as a magnetic core material for a magnetic head, a high frequency transformer, etc. COPYRIGHT: (C)1981,JPO&Japio

Amorphous cobalt alloy with very low magnetostriction and high permeability

PURPOSE: To make the resulting titled alloy more inexpensive and enhance the plastic workability by adjusting an Fe alloy to a specified composition contg. Zr and one or more kinds of metalloids. CONSTITUTION: This amorphous Fe alloy of high permeability consists of, by atom, 4W15% Zr, 5W30% one or more selected from Be, B, C, N, Al, Si, P, Ge, As and S and the balance essentially Fe. The total amount of Zr and other elements except Fe is 14W35%. This alloy has superior magnetic characteristics and thermal stability, and the magnetic characteristics can be enhanced furthermore by subjecting the alloy to a predetermined heat treatment or by subjecting the alloy to a predetermined heat treatment in a magnetic field. COPYRIGHT: (C)1981,JPO&Japio

Amorphous iron alloy of high permeability

PURPOSE:To obtain a magnetic head material made of magnetic alloy which is practically noncrystalline by combining transition metal components comprising a ternary compsn. of Fe, Co and Ni with metalloids comprising B or B and Si so as to attain a specified compsn.

Takeshi Masumoto

Papers

Magnetic head using high magnetic permeability amorphous alloy

Amorphous alloy for magnetic heads with low magnetostriction and high wear resistance property

Amorphous cobalt alloy with very low magnetostriction and high permeability

Amorphous iron alloy of high permeability

Magnetic head material