THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

What will 5G be? What it will not be is an incremental advance on 4G. The previous four generations of cellular technology have each been a major paradigm shift that has broken backward compatibility. Indeed, 5G will need to be a paradigm shift that includes very high carrier frequencies with massive bandwidths, extreme base station and device densities, and unprecedented numbers of antennas. However, unlike the previous four generations, it will also be highly integrative: tying any new 5G air interface and spectrum together with LTE and WiFi to provide universal high-rate coverage and a seamless user experience. To support this, the core network will also have to reach unprecedented levels of flexibility and intelligence, spectrum regulation will need to be rethought and improved, and energy and cost efficiencies will become even more critical considerations. This paper discusses all of these topics, identifying key challenges for future research and preliminary 5G standardization activities, while providing a comprehensive overview of the current literature, and in particular of the papers appearing in this special issue.

What Will 5G Be

Recommender systems have developed in parallel with the web. They were initially based on demographic, content-based and collaborative filtering. Currently, these systems are incorporating social information. In the future, they will use implicit, local and personal information from the Internet of things. This article provides an overview of recommender systems as well as collaborative filtering methods and algorithms; it also explains their evolution, provides an original classification for these systems, identifies areas of future implementation and develops certain areas selected for past, present or future importance.

http://romisatriawahono.net/lecture/rm/survey/information%20retrieval/Bobadilla%20-%20Recommender%20Systems%20-%202013.pdf

Recommender systems survey

Cloud data centers host diverse applications, mixing workloads that require small predictable latency with others requiring large sustained throughput. In this environment, today's state-of-the-art TCP protocol falls short. We present measurements of a 6000 server production cluster and reveal impairments that lead to high application latencies, rooted in TCP's demands on the limited buffer space available in data center switches. For example, bandwidth hungry "background" flows build up queues at the switches, and thus impact the performance of latency sensitive "foreground" traffic.To address these problems, we propose DCTCP, a TCP-like protocol for data center networks. DCTCP leverages Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) in the network to provide multi-bit feedback to the end hosts. We evaluate DCTCP at 1 and 10Gbps speeds using commodity, shallow buffered switches. We find DCTCP delivers the same or better throughput than TCP, while using 90% less buffer space. Unlike TCP, DCTCP also provides high burst tolerance and low latency for short flows. In handling workloads derived from operational measurements, we found DCTCP enables the applications to handle 10X the current background traffic, without impacting foreground traffic. Further, a 10X increase in foreground traffic does not cause any timeouts, thus largely eliminating incast problems.

/pdf/data-center-tcp-dctcp-4d3pj8xdal.pdf

Data center TCP (DCTCP)

This paper presents and evaluates two principles for wireless routing protocols. The first is datapath validation: data traffic quickly discovers and fixes routing inconsistencies. The second is adaptive beaconing: extending the Trickle algorithm to routing control traffic reduces route repair latency and sends fewer beacons.We evaluate datapath validation and adaptive beaconing in CTP Noe, a sensor network tree collection protocol. We use 12 different testbeds ranging in size from 20--310 nodes, comprising seven platforms, and six different link layers, on both interference-free and interference-prone channels. In all cases, CTP Noe delivers > 90% of packets. Many experiments achieve 99.9%. Compared to standard beaconing, CTP Noe sends 73% fewer beacons while reducing topology repair latency by 99.8%. Finally, when using low-power link layers, CTP Noe has duty cycles of 3% while supporting aggregate loads of 30 packets/minute.

/pdf/collection-tree-protocol-selhhlblmq.pdf

Collection tree protocol

In this paper, we investigate a fine-grain adaptive forward error correction (FGA-FEC) coding scheme for scalable video bitstreams. In our work, both the embedded source bitstream and the error-control codes are granularly adapted at block level in intermediate overlay nodes to satisfy heterogeneous users with both different video frame-rate/spatial resolution/quality preferences and different network connections. The proposed FGA-FEC scheme encodes and adapts the embedded source-coded bitstream in such a way that if part of the video source data is actively dropped, parity bits protecting that piece of data are also removed, yielding an efficient result without any transcoding.

Scalable Video Streaming With Fine-Grain Adaptive Forward Error Correction

Methods and arrangements for employing roadside acoustics sensing in ascertaining traffic density states. Traffic monitoring input is received from a road segment, the traffic monitoring input including traffic audio input. The traffic monitoring input is processed and the processed traffic monitoring input is classified with a predetermined traffic density state. The classified traffic monitoring input is combined with other classified traffic monitoring input.

Systems and methods for road acoustics and road video-feed based traffic estimation and prediction

In this paper, we examine an emerging combination of challenges for TCP: increasingly bursty background traffic that is not subject to flow and congestion control, higher bandwidth networks and small buffers at network routers. As a result, TCP experiences short-term bursty packet losses that may not reflect long-term congestion. In this work, we propose a balanced approach that uses TCP congestion control mechanisms including Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to identify and overcome congestion, supported by adaptive FEC for short-term packet loss recovery due to bursty flows. We demonstrate the effectiveness of using FEC with TCP SACK congestion control by showing that such an approach improves performance for TCP flows for the emerging bursty traffic, small buffer, high bandwidth-delay product environments.

/pdf/complementing-tcp-congestion-control-with-forward-error-4iyejcn5m5.pdf

Complementing TCP Congestion Control with Forward Error Correction

In this paper we propose an edge-based quality of service architecture aimed at site-to-site private networks over the Internet. We extend the traditional point-to-point service model to a point-to-set service model, assuming a finite, bounded set of destination sites. Instead of provisioning point-to-point links between a source and its set of destinations, a point-to-set service allows the user to have an allocated bandwidth, which could be flexibly assigned to traffic going toward any destination within the set. The proposed point-to-set service provides low loss rates and flexibility to users while allowing providers to obtain multiplexing gains by employing a probabilistic admission control test. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the utility of deploying such a model.

Statistical Point-to-Set Edge-Based Quality of Service Provisioning

In this paper, we propose a joint source-network error control coding (JSNC) scheme which efficiently integrates scalable video coding, error control coding and overlay infrastructure to stream video to heterogeneous users. The distributed overlay nodes adapt both the video bitstream and error control coding based on both user requirements and available bandwidth. A novel fine granular adaptive FEC (FGA-FECcheme, a generalization of MD-FEC, is proposed for error recovery during video transmission to heterogeneous users. Encoding once, the FGA-FEC can satisfy multiple heterogeneous users simultaneously without decoding/re-encoding FEC at intermediate nodes.

/pdf/joint-source-network-error-control-coding-for-scalable-3vv9sh98y4.pdf

Shivkumar Kalyanaraman

Papers

Scalable Video Streaming With Fine-Grain Adaptive Forward Error Correction

Systems and methods for road acoustics and road video-feed based traffic estimation and prediction

Complementing TCP Congestion Control with Forward Error Correction

Statistical Point-to-Set Edge-Based Quality of Service Provisioning

Joint source-network error control coding for scalable overlay video streaming