Recent developments in antibacterial and antifungal chitosan and its derivatives.

Evaluation of different factors affecting antimicrobial properties of chitosan.

Chitosan: Structural modification, biological activity and application.

Chitosan has garnered much interest due to its properties and possible applications. Every year the number of publications and patents based on this polymer increase. Chitosan exhibits poor solubility in neutral and basic media, limiting its use in such conditions. Another serious obstacle is directly related to its natural origin. Chitosan is not a single polymer with a defined structure but a family of molecules with differences in their composition, size, and monomer distribution. These properties have a fundamental effect on the biological and technological performance of the polymer. Moreover, some of the biological properties claimed are discrete. In this review, we discuss how chitosan chemistry can solve the problems related to its poor solubility and can boost the polymer properties. We focus on some of the main biological properties of chitosan and the relationship with the physicochemical properties of the polymer. Then, we review two polymer applications related to green processes: the use of chitosan in the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and its use as support for biocatalysts. Finally, we briefly describe how making use of the technological properties of chitosan makes it possible to develop a variety of systems for drug delivery.

Chitosan: An Overview of Its Properties and Applications.

Chitosan and its derivatives can be called environmental purification functional materials as they can effectively control the growth and reproduction of hazardous bacteria and also control toxic pollutants. From the basic science to the latest developments and innovations, starting with the history of the material, this chapter presents a facile way to understand the antibacterial activity of the chitosan, together with other materials, to the reader. This chapter also summarizes the general developments in the study of antimicrobial applications. In the light of the current situation of the research and the progress in the related fields, this chapter discusses the differences among influencing factors in detail and compares the antimicrobial activity between different physical states of chitosan. Also, this chaper discusses the more recent processes and applications.

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Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan-Based Systems

pH Effects on solubility, zeta potential, and correlation between antibacterial activity and molecular weight of chitosan.

Effects of chitosan molecular weight on its antioxidant and antimutagenic properties.

Effect of chitosan molecular weight on anti-inflammatory activity in the RAW 264.7 macrophage model.

We aim to investigate the hypoglycaemic and antioxidant effects of submerged Ganoderma lucidum cultures and elucidate the potential mechanisms behind these effects using a type 2 diabetic rat model...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21501203.2020.1733119

Evaluation of the hypoglycaemic and antioxidant effects of submerged Ganoderma lucidum cultures in type 2 diabetic rats.

Single strain or mixed strains of Lactobacillus plantarum FPS 2520 and Bacillus subtilis N1 were used to ferment soybean meal (SBM), and the antiobesity activity of the fermented SBM product was investigated in rats fed with high-fat diet (HFD). After fermentation, free amino nitrogen, total peptide, and isoflavone contents were markedly raised, and genistein and daidzein were the major isoflavones in the fermented SBM. After fed with HFD for 10 weeks, obese Sprague-Dawley rats were orally treated with various fermented products for 6 weeks. The body weight gains, as well as weights of abdominal fat and epididymis fat, of rats fed with fermented SBM products were significantly downregulated. The treatment with the mixed-strains fermented SBM product significantly decreased plasma levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, but increased the level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Moreover, the levels of TG, TC, fatty acid synthase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in liver were diminished, and the activities of hormone-sensitive lipase and lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue were augmented. Taken together, these data demonstrated the antiobesity activity of fermented SBM products, among which the product fermented by the mixed strains being the most effective one. Therefore, these fermented SBM products are potential to be developed as functional foods or additives for treatment of obesity and prevention against obesity-induced complications.

Evaluation of Antiobesity Activity of Soybean Meal Products Fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum FPS 2520 and Bacillus subtilis N1 in Rats Fed with High-Fat Diet.

Shun-Hsien Chang

Papers

pH Effects on solubility, zeta potential, and correlation between antibacterial activity and molecular weight of chitosan.

Effects of chitosan molecular weight on its antioxidant and antimutagenic properties.

Effect of chitosan molecular weight on anti-inflammatory activity in the RAW 264.7 macrophage model.

Evaluation of the hypoglycaemic and antioxidant effects of submerged Ganoderma lucidum cultures in type 2 diabetic rats.

Evaluation of Antiobesity Activity of Soybean Meal Products Fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum FPS 2520 and Bacillus subtilis N1 in Rats Fed with High-Fat Diet.