Remediation of fluoride contaminated soil with nano-hydroxyapatite amendment: Response of soil fluoride bioavailability and microbial communities.

Fluoride contamination in drinking water is a global issue. Frequent over-exposure to fluoride causes several health problems such as fluorosis, neurological, thyroid, osteoporosis, etc. The guideline values prescribed by the WHO and other nationals for fluoride in drinking water are reasonable but mostly relevant to fluorosis. However, these guideline values cannot be satisfied in some regions due to economic and financial shortcomings. Several fluorosis management techniques were suggested to address excess fluoride in drinking water, but each have specific drawbacks. Defluoridation techniques like the Nalgonda technique, reverse osmosis (RO), and adsorption using activated alumina have found to be promising to reduce fluoride concentration within the prescribed limits, and RO water is most widely used for drinking in fluorosis affected regions. However, these techniques are still associated with certain drawbacks, and prior research on this theme has focused on one dimension of removing excess fluoride from water. Hence, it is essential to understand the basic problems associated with fluoride contamination, such as sources of fluoride exposure, adverse health effects and defluoridation techniques feasibility. Furthermore, perception of the effect of co-existing ions with fluoride in drinking water is crucial in deciding fluoride toxicity level and developing efficient strategies for fluorosis mitigation.

Fluoride sources, toxicity and fluorosis management techniques – A brief review

Si-fan Cui

Papers

Transfer characteristic of fluorine from atmospheric dry deposition, fertilizers, pesticides, and phosphogypsum into soil.

Distribution and superposed health risk assessment of fluorine co-effect in phosphorous chemical industrial and agricultural sources.

Agricultural activities impact on soil and sediment fluorine and perfluorinated compounds in an endemic fluorosis area.