In the classical theory black holes can only absorb and not emit particles. However it is shown that quantum mechanical effects cause black holes to create and emit particles as if they were hot bodies with temperature$\frac{{h\kappa }}{{2\pi k}} \approx 10^{ - 6} \left( {\frac{{M_ \odot }}{M}} \right){}^ \circ K$ where κ is the surface gravity of the black hole. This thermal emission leads to a slow decrease in the mass of the black hole and to its eventual disappearance: any primordial black hole of mass less than about 1015 g would have evaporated by now. Although these quantum effects violate the classical law that the area of the event horizon of a black hole cannot decrease, there remains a Generalized Second Law:S+1/4A never decreases whereS is the entropy of matter outside black holes andA is the sum of the surface areas of the event horizons. This shows that gravitational collapse converts the baryons and leptons in the collapsing body into entropy. It is tempting to speculate that this might be the reason why the Universe contains so much entropy per baryon.

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Particle Creation by Black Holes

The Renormalization group and the epsilon expansion

Extended Theories of Gravity

http://cds.cern.ch/record/262851/files/9405029.pdf

Supersymmetry and quantum mechanics

Pseudo-differential operators have been developed as a tool for the study of elliptic differential equations. Suitably extended versions are also applicable to hypoelliptic equations, but their value is rather limited in genuinely non-elliptic problems. In this paper we shall therefore discuss some more general classes of operators which are adapted to such applications. For these operators we shall develop a calculus which is almost as smooth as that of pseudo-differential operators. It also seems that one gains some more insight into the theory of pseudo-differential operators by considering them from the point of view of the wider classes of operators to be discussed here so we shall take the opportunity to include a short exposition.

/pdf/fourier-integral-operators-i-1l7mhsqqcw.pdf

Fourier Integral Operators. I

In this text the authors develop a propagator theory of Dirac particles, photons, and Klein-Gordon mesons and per- form a series of calculations designed to illustrate various useful techniques and concepts in electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions. these include defining and implementing the renormalization program and evaluating effects of radia- tive corrections, such as the Lamb shift, in low-order calculations. The necessary background for the book is pro- vided by a course in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics at the general level of Schiff's text, QUANTUM MECHANICS.

Relativistic Quantum Mechanics

Relativistic Quantum Fields

On the basis of a parton model studied earlier we consider the production process of large-mass lepton pairs from hadron-hadron inelastic collisions in the limiting region, $s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$, $\frac{{Q}^{2}}{s}$ finite, ${Q}^{2}$ and $s$ being the squared invariant masses of the lepton pair and the two initial hadrons, respectively. General scaling properties and connections with deep inelastic electron scattering are discussed. In particular, a rapidly decreasing cross section as $\frac{{Q}^{2}}{s}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1$ is predicted as a consequence of the observed rapid falloff of the inelastic scattering structure function $\ensuremath{\nu}{W}_{2}$ near threshold.

/pdf/massive-lepton-pair-production-in-hadron-hadron-collisions-38iuzhygqy.pdf

Massive Lepton-Pair Production in Hadron-Hadron Collisions at High Energies

/pdf/exact-sum-rule-for-nucleon-magnetic-moments-2yq2n2q9sh.pdf

Exact Sum Rule for Nucleon Magnetic Moments

It is suggested that if the structure function $\ensuremath{\nu}{W}_{2}$ for deep inelastic electron-proton scattering behaves near threshold as $\ensuremath{\nu}{W}_{2}\ensuremath{\sim}(\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\omega}}){(1\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\omega}})}^{p} \mathrm{for} \ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\equiv}\frac{2M\ensuremath{\nu}}{{Q}^{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1,$ then the elastic electromagnetic form factor of the proton ${F}_{1}$ behaves for large momentum transfers as ${F}_{1}({Q}^{2})\ensuremath{\sim}{(\frac{1}{{Q}^{2}})}^{\frac{(p+1)}{2}} \mathrm{for} {Q}^{2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$

/pdf/connection-of-elastic-electromagnetic-nucleon-form-factors-5eugnz3uzq.pdf

Sidney D. Drell

Papers

Relativistic Quantum Mechanics

Relativistic Quantum Fields

Massive Lepton-Pair Production in Hadron-Hadron Collisions at High Energies

Exact Sum Rule for Nucleon Magnetic Moments

Connection of Elastic Electromagnetic Nucleon Form Factors at Large Q 2 and Deep Inelastic Structure Functions Near Threshold