萨义德以其独特的双重身份,对西方中心权力话语做了分析,通过对文学作品、演讲演说等文本的解读,将O rie n ta lis m——"东方学",做了三重释义:一门学科、一种思维方式和一种权力话语系统,对东方学权力话语做了系统的批判,同时将东方学放入空间维度对东方学文本做了细致的解读。

萨义德的“Orientalism”释义

Culture and Imperialism

Rural development: putting the last first

The Silent Language

アイデンティティとライフサイクル = Identity and the life cycle

The development of eco-trekking on the Kokoda Track, Papua New Guinea has used a community-based planning approach, Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), in developing community-based tourism (CBT). This approach involves local communities within the sustainable tourism planning process and honours and incorporates their knowledge and opinions. This paper examines the development and outcomes of CBT over a 10-year period since 2004. The findings suggest that stakeholder collaboration through the use of PRA and CBT can foster a sound capacity-building mechanism through the structures it creates as it provides a bottom-up approach which is enabling and meets the objectives of the stakeholders, particularly the communities that are engaged in the process. A key outcome of this process is a sustainable eco-trekking industry driven by the community, but working in partnership with tour operators and philanthropic giving. The paper also demonstrates the complexities, consequences and inevitable compromis...

Exploring outcomes of community-based tourism on the Kokoda Track, Papua New Guinea: a longitudinal study of Participatory Rural Appraisal techniques

Travel, long recognised as a rite of passage, is often also touted as a transformative experience which facilitates cross-cultural understanding, fosters an embrace of diversity and promotes global awareness. This process is aligned with youth development and has a rich history in the tourism literature. The importance of transformational travel, however, has now spread to programmes across the higher education landscape, with the recognition that travel has the potential to nurture a global citizenry. Additionally, for many young people, the motivation for studying abroad is to assist in the transition to adulthood. In this way, educational travel is similar to an ‘overseas experience’ or a ‘gap year’. It is often taken at an important time of transition in emerging adulthood, for example, from school to work. We argue that this period of identity formation for youth can be likened to a rite of passage much like the Grand Tour of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was for young European men...

A rite of passage? Exploring youth transformation and global citizenry in the study abroad experience

Volunteer tourism and intercultural exchange: Exploring the 'Other' in the experience

Engaging volunteer tourism in post-disaster recovery in Nepal.

The process of listing a World Heritage Area in developing countries is often much more complex than in the West. Often all stakeholders are not taken into consideration. This paper presents a case study of Kokoda and the Owen Stanley Ranges, currently a tentative World Heritage site, to show the complexities in stakeholder collaboration and attribution in the process of World Heritage designation. Six key stakeholders were identified in the study. Upon examination of four attributes of stakeholders: power; legitimacy; urgency; and proximity, it was found that all stakeholders in this case study have a high legitimacy in the listing process however only the local community holds high levels of power, urgency and proximity. Additionally it was found that several stakeholders, like the private sector, have too many weak relationships with other stakeholders, resulting in a lack of communication. These findings present the first step in understanding how it might be possible to improve the listing process of World Heritage Sites in developing countries through effective stakeholder collaboration.

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Simone Grabowski

Papers

Exploring outcomes of community-based tourism on the Kokoda Track, Papua New Guinea: a longitudinal study of Participatory Rural Appraisal techniques

A rite of passage? Exploring youth transformation and global citizenry in the study abroad experience

Volunteer tourism and intercultural exchange: Exploring the 'Other' in the experience

Engaging volunteer tourism in post-disaster recovery in Nepal.

Stakeholder collaboration in a prospective World Heritage Area: The case of Kokoda and the Owen Stanley Ranges