The potent analgesic effects of cannabis-like drugs and the presence of CB1-type cannabinoid receptors in pain-processing areas of the brain and spinal cord, indicate that endogenous cannabinoids such as anandamide may contribute to the control of pain transmission within the central nervous system (CNS). Here we show that anandamide attenuates the pain behaviour produced by chemical damage to cutaneous tissue by interacting with CB1-like cannabinoid receptors located outside the CNS. Palmitylethanolamide (PEA), which is released together with anandamide from a common phospholipid precursor, exerts a similar effect by activating peripheral CB2-like receptors. When administered together, the two compounds act synergistically, reducing pain responses 100-fold more potently than does each compound alone. Gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry measurements indicate that the levels of anandamide and PEA in the skin are enough to cause a tonic activation of local cannabinoid receptors. In agreement with this possibility, the CB1 antagonist SR141716A and the CB2 antagonist SR144528 prolong and enhance the pain behaviour produced by tissue damage. These results indicate that peripheral CB1-like and CB2-like receptors participate in the intrinsic control of pain initiation and that locally generated anandamide and PEA may mediate this effect.

Control of pain initiation by endogenous cannabinoids

Medically Important Fungi: A Guide to Identification

/pdf/forest-regions-of-canada-12gq7bwjca.pdf

Forest Regions of Canada

David Baltimore, Premio Nobel de microbiologia e que trabalha no MIT, afirmou num momento de euforia alguns anos atras que, considerando as tecnicas disponiveis e algumas outras promissoras sendo desenvolvidas e testadas, "nos podemos fazer a Evolucao" com melhores resultados do que os ate aqui obtidos pela Natureza. Ele referia-se a nova biotecnologia. A caracteristica fundamental dessa nova e "man-made" evolucao e que ela e passivel de patente, o que certamente encerra inumeras questoes, tanto de âmbito tecnico e economico como, e principalmente, de cunho social.

/pdf/first-the-seed-the-political-economy-of-plant-biotechnology-2hca249qh2.pdf

First the seed; the political economy of plant biotechnology

http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1/labeling/lrm/ individual chapters of the Pesticide Label Review Manual, 3rd Edition Pesticide Label Review Manual, 3rd Edition. Utilized by the EPA Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) to improve the quality and consistency of pesticide labels. This document provides guidance on how the US EPA interprets the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and its specific requirements for label language and format. Chapters include: • Precautionary labeling (including Signal Word, Personal Protective Equipment, and First Aid Statements) • Physical or Chemical Hazards • Worker Protection Labeling • Directions for Use • Labeling Claims • Storage and Disposal • Identification numbers (including EPA registration number)

Appendix A: informational sources on pesticides and health.

S & BIBLIOGRAPHIES Bibliography of Agriculture Biological Abstracts Botany Subject Index (U. S. Dept. of Agriculture) Chemical Abstracts Craker, L. E., A. F. Chadwick, & J. E. Simon. 1986. An introduction to the scientific literature on herbs, spices, and medicinal plants. Recent Adv. Bot. Hort. Pharm. 1: 1-9. Excerpta Botanica Index Medicus Index to American Botanical Literature Simon, J. E., A. F. Chadwick, & L. E. Craker. 1984. Herbs: an indexed bibliography, 1971-1980: the scientific literature on selected herbs, and aromatic and medicinal plants of the temperate zone. Shoe String Press. 770 pp.

/pdf/plants-civilization-an-introduction-to-the-14uti69gm1.pdf

Plants & Civilization; An Introduction to the Interrelationships of Plants and People

/pdf/north-america-floras-manuals-checklist-a-bibliography-5d763hxs6y.pdf

North America Floras, Manuals, & Checklist: A Bibliography

/pdf/agrostology-an-introduction-to-the-systematics-of-grasses-2k46xwuuhm.pdf

Agrostology; An Introduction to the Systematics of Grasses

/pdf/california-floras-manuals-and-checklists-a-bibliography-42n0xpjc0s.pdf

California Floras, Manuals, and Checklists: A Bibliography

/pdf/the-vascular-plant-flora-of-oklahoma-a-bibliography-49hi038eav.pdf

Smith

Papers

Plants & Civilization; An Introduction to the Interrelationships of Plants and People

North America Floras, Manuals, & Checklist: A Bibliography

Agrostology; An Introduction to the Systematics of Grasses

California Floras, Manuals, and Checklists: A Bibliography

The Vascular Plant Flora of Oklahoma - A Bibliography