Aiming to reduce the labour cost in managing greenhouses, an combined green-house management system including environmentally dynamic monitoring system and remote control system were developed and implemented in a greenhouse. The central unit of this combined system is the ESP8266 NodeMCU board. Environmental parameters including air temperature, air humidity, CO2 concentration and soil moisture were selected to represent the state of the interior environment state of the greenhouse. Based on HTTP protocol, the ESP8266 NodeMCU connected to the Wi-Fi and communicated with IoT platforms, Thingspeak and Bylnk. The data regarding environmental parameters was collected from sensors was processed and sent to cloud and IoT platforms though Wi-Fi. Environmental data was visualized in time-series form on IoT platforms allowing users to know about the internal environment conditions in real time. Moreover, the remote system has enabled users to change the operative condition of environment controllers remotely by altering between the on-off state of control buttons on Bylnk android application. This combined system has low-cost characteristics and is suitable for indoor garden, sized greenhouse. Moreover, it can be applied in modern smart agriculture.

Environment Dynamic Monitoring and Remote Control of Greenhouse with ESP8266 NodeMCU

IoT devices should be easy to deploy and able to endure long periods of activity in the field without further intervention. LoRaWAN is geared to attain these objectives. European developers can easily leverage the public gateways of The Things Networks (TTN) already installed to obtain connectivity for LoRaWAN end-devices. In many developing countries Internet access cannot be taken for granted thus precluding the use of TTN. In this paper, we present a solution that allows connecting local IoT end-nodes to a LoRaWAN gateway without the need of internet access, at low cost and with low power consumption. We implement the three building blocks of the LoRaWAN architecture (Gateway, Network Server and Application Server) in a single box based on a Raspberry Pi and a LoRaWAN module. Local access to the application data is offered via a WiFi Access Point, allowing community members to access their community data even when there is no Internet access. In addition to real time IoT data, bulletin board like services can be implemented in the local repository to provide educational, health and other content that addresses the most pressing needs of isolated communities. The complete box with mentioned capabilities constitutes then the Base Station (BS).

TLTN – The local things network: on the design of a LoRaWAN gateway with autonomous servers for disconnected communities

A novel system to monitor environmental parameters using multilevel IOT architecture is proposed. The proposed system will monitor the changes of environmental parameters in Hyderabad region. The proposed instrumentation operates in II tier architecture in IOT. The Proposed System consists of different sensors grouped into 5 sensor nodes which are invoked by switches in the gateway or from the webpage. The sensors acquire the data and sent to a slave controller (PIC). In turn the slave controller sends the acquired data to Master controller (Raspberry pi). The Master acts as a Gateway between sensor nodes and the cloud. The data is pushed by Master onto the cloud and displayed as webpage using HTTP. The data is also received in the form of SMS through GSM. Using the proposed system few experiments were conducted on different environment and altitude. The obtained results were compared with a standard weather data. It was found that the acquired data from the system was very closer to standard weather data obtained from internet. The experiments were conducted for 15 days in June 2018 and changes in climatic conditions of Hyderabad region were studied and information was handed over to local farmers in terms of indicators which can be used as an assist to decide which crop (cotton, jowar, redgram) has to be cultivated/reaped.

Real Time Monitoring of Environmental Parameters Using IOT

Worldwide, flood events frequently have a dramatic impact on urban societies. Time is key during a flood event in order to evacuate vulnerable people at risk, minimize the socio-economic, ecologic and cultural impact of the event and restore a society from this hazard as quickly as possible. Therefore, detecting a flood in near real-time and assessing the risks relating to these flood events on the fly is of great importance. Therefore, there is a need to search for the optimal way to collect data in order to detect floods in real time. Internet of Things (IoT) is the ideal method to bring together data of sensing equipment or identifying tools with networking and processing capabilities, allow them to communicate with one another and with other devices and services over the Internet to accomplish the detection of floods in near real-time. The main objective of this paper is to report on the current state of research on the IoT in the domain of flood detection. Current trends in IoT are identified, and academic literature is examined. The integration of IoT would greatly enhance disaster management and, therefore, will be of greater importance into the future.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/11/2275/pdf

A review of the internet of floods: Near real-time detection of a flood event and its impact

Urbanization is expected to hold about 50% of the world population by 2050 and there will be stress on available resources including food and freshwater. Further, inefficient utilization of irrigation water possesses additional challenges and it is predicted that by 2050, India will face shortage of freshwater resources. Urban agriculture and Precision Agriculture are the possible solutions in smart cities for the predicted challenges providing food security and safety, sustainable life in cities. Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine Learning (ML) are the possible solutions to smart cities' farming. Agricultural activities such as irrigation of plants, rain and drought conditions monitoring supported by IoT and ML succour farmers to righteous decision on agriculture activities. A detailed study is carried out on the role, opportunities, and different aspects of smart cities, urban farming, communication technologies, IoT and ML with respect to agriculture. The article presents the design of intelligent irrigation system based on soil and weather conditions. The soil and weather parameters are selected through various research articles in Agriculture 4.0 and ML. The article also juxtapositions the designed weather station with the various patents developed. The system developed in this article provides a cost-effective and state-of-the-art solution to local weather monitoring. 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/cmu2.12352

LoRa based intelligent soil and weather condition monitoring with internet of things for precision agriculture in smart cities

A weather station can be described as an instrument or device, which provides us with the information of the weather in our neighbouring environment. For example it can provide us with details about the surrounding temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, etc. Hence, this device basically senses the temperature, pressure, humidity, light intensity, rain value. There are various types of sensors present in the prototype, using which all the aforementioned parameters can be measured. It can be used to monitor the temperature or humidity of a particular room/place. With the help of temperature and humidity we can calculate other data parameters, such as the dew point. In addition to the above mentioned functionalities, we can monitor the light intensity of the place as well. We have also enabled to monitor the atmospheric pressure of the room. We can also monitor the rain value. The brain of the prototype is the ESP8266 based Wi-fi module Nodemcu (12E). Four sensors are connected to the NodeMCU namely temperature and humidity sensor(DHT11), pressure sensor(BMP180), raindrop module, and light dependent resistor(LDR). Whenever these values exceed a chosen threshold limit for each an SMS, an E-mail and a Tweet post is published alerting the owner of the appliance to take necessary measures.

IoT based weather station

In this work, an IoT based setup, which monitors the surrounding environmental parameters for smart cities, is proposed. The data is sent to a public MQTT broker from where any client, with an appropriate topic, can subscribe for that data. Currently, one of the biggest problems in the world is Air Pollution reaching alarming levels. This work attempts to monitor the air quality of a locale and send this data to people who can use this data to improve the quality of living of citizens, which is one of the primary requirements of a Smart City. This work uses Wio Link board, a ESP8266 based open source Wi-Fi development board and various grove sensors which are connected to the Wio link, viz. temperature and humidity sensor (DHT-11), digital light and air-quality sensors. After this Node-RED comes into play where flows are made to control the publishing of the data over to a MQTT broker. In addition to this, every time data are published an E-mail, an SMS and a Twitter post are generated depicting the values of various sensors.

Snehashish Mandal

Papers

IoT based weather station

Flow based environmental monitoring for smart cities