Medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Uncaria.

https://pure.sruc.ac.uk/ws/files/15263263/14813.pdf

Characterisation of the ruminal fermentation and microbiome in lambs supplemented with hydrolysable and condensed tannins.

Artocarpus communis is used traditionally in Cameroon to treat several ailments, including infectious and associated diseases. This work was therefore designed to investigate the antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract (ACB) and compounds isolated from the bark of this plant, namely peruvianursenyl acetate C (1), α-amyrenol or viminalol (2), artonin E (4) and 2-[(3,5-dihydroxy)-(Z)-4-(3-methylbut-1-enyl)phenyl]benzofuran-6-ol (5). The liquid microdilution assay was used in the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal microbicidal concentration (MMC), against seven bacterial and one fungal species. The MIC results indicated that ACB as well as compounds 4 and 5 were able to prevent the growth of all tested microbial species. All other compounds showed selective activities. The lowest MIC value of 64 μg/ml for the crude extract was recorded on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25922 and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739. The corresponding value of 32 μg/ml was recorded with compounds 4 and 5 on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 and compound 5 on E. coli ATCC 8739, their inhibition effect on P. aeruginosa PA01 being more than that of chloramphenicol used as reference antibiotic. The overall results of this study provided supportive data for the use of A. communis as well as some of its constituents for the treatment of infections associated with the studied microorganisms.

/pdf/antimicrobial-activities-of-the-methanol-extract-and-3h39gnnq1i.pdf

Antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract and compounds from Artocarpus communis (Moraceae)

Cytotoxic, apoptotic and anti-α-glucosidase activities of 3,4-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid, an antioxidant isolated from the polyphenolic-rich extract of Elephantopus mollis Kunth.

Toad venom is regarded as the main source of bufadienolides; however, synthesis of these substances takes also place in a variety of other animal and plant organisms, including ethnomedicinal plants of the Kalanchoe genus. Chemically, bufadienolides are a group of polyhydroxy C-24 steroids and their glycosides, containing a six-membered lactone (α-pyrone) ring at the C-17β position. From the pharmacological point of view, bufadienolides might be a promising group of steroid hormones with cardioactive properties and anticancer activity. Most of the literature concerns bufadienolides of animal origin; however, the medicinal use of these compounds remains limited by their narrow therapeutic index and the risk of development of cardiotoxic effects. On the other hand, plants such as Kalanchoe are also a source of bufadienolides. Kalanchoe pinnata (life plant, air plant, cathedral bells), Kalanchoe daigremontiana (mother of thousands) and other Kalanchoe species are valuable herbs in traditional medicine of Asia and Africa. The present review focuses on the available data on chemical structures of 31 compounds, biological properties and prospects for therapeutic use of bufadienolides from Kalanchoe species. Furthermore, it presents some new investigational trends in research on curative uses of these substances.

/pdf/bufadienolides-of-kalanchoe-species-an-overview-of-chemical-1426omc6a3.pdf

Bufadienolides of Kalanchoe species: an overview of chemical structure, biological activity and prospects for pharmacological use

As part of the search for naturally derived α-glucosidase inhibitors, the chemical components isolated from Aspergillus terreus RCC1 were evaluated. Three butenolides compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as isoaspulvinone E (1), aspulvinone E (2), and butyrolactone I (3). Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited high activity on α-glucosidase inhibitory with IC50 values of 8.92 and 2.70 μM, respectively, lower than quercetin (IC50 = 10.92 μM). However, these compounds exhibited moderate antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 167.82 and 114.86 μM, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of both the α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of aspulvinone compounds. In particular, both the aspulvinone compounds could be employed as a lead compound for a new potential antidiabetic derived from terrestrial fungi.

α-Glucosidase inhibitor compounds from Aspergillus terreus RCC1 and their antioxidant activity

Gambir (Uncaria gambir) and other plants belonging to the genus Uncaria have been used in traditional medicine in southeastern Asia, Africa and South America, and they have been studied widely over the past century. Gambier, the dried leaf extract from gambir is known to have antioxidant properties and some studies have attributed it to the presence of tannins and condensed tannins. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of commercial gambier on the Indonesian market as a scavenger of reactive free radicals, evaluate its ability to inhibit α-glucosidase and determine the bioactive compound responsible for these activities. An ethanolic extract of commercial gambier was extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts as well as the aqueous extract after ethyl acetate extraction and residue from ethanol extraction were tested for free radical scavenging activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). They were also tested for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The extracts were then studied using reverse phase HPLC, LCMS and NMR to identify the bioactive compound. It was observed that all the extracts had high activity for DPPH inhibition but moderate activity for inhibiting α-glucosidasein vitro. Apart from the aqueous extract, 92% DPPH inhibition by the extracts was achievable at 30 μg/ml. The ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts had significantly higher (p < 0.01) DPPH inhibitory activity than the aqueous extract.IC50 of the organic extracts and residue ranged between 13.8 to 16.2 μg/ml for DPPH inhibition while that of the aqueous extract was 27.4 μg/ml. With regards to α-glucosidase inhibition, however, IC50 range of 15.2 and 49.5 μg/ml was recorded. Catechin was identified as the major bioactive compound present.

	 

	Key words: Uncaria gambir, gambier, DPPH, alpha-glucosidase, HPLC, LCMS, NMR

https://africaneditors.org/journal/JMPR/full-text-pdf/51790-129626

Assessment of the DPPH and -glucosidase inhibitory potential of gambier and qualitative identification of major bioactive compound

In the course of continuing research for finding bioactive compounds from Indonesian plants, the leaves of Artocarpus communis was extracted by ethanol. This extract partitioned with n-hexane-water (1:4) and then water extract was partitioned with dichloromethane. Dichloromethane extract was purified by column chromatography techniques on silica gel to afford yellow crystal (F-1). Based on LC-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR (1D and 2D) spectra and compared with previous spectral data, it was identified as prenylated flavonoid, 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[8-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-5-yl] 1-propanone. This compound showed significant cytotoxicity against murine P-388 leukemia cells.

Identification of cytotoxic compound from Artocarpus communis leaves against P-388 cells.

Article history: Received on: 19/12/2012 Revised on: 09/01/2013 Accepted on: 19/01/2013 Available online: 28/01/2013 From methanol extract of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. leaves, a flavonol compound has been isolated. Fractionation of the methanol extract with ethyl acetate, followed by ethyl acetate fraction purification using column chromatography method with ethyl acetate : n-hexane as mobile phase gave a yellow crystal compound (A). Further analysis using 1Dand 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), confirmed with mass spectrometer (LC-MS), compound A identified as 3’,4’-dimethoxy quercetin.

Sofa Fajriah

Papers

α-Glucosidase inhibitor compounds from Aspergillus terreus RCC1 and their antioxidant activity

Assessment of the DPPH and -glucosidase inhibitory potential of gambier and qualitative identification of major bioactive compound

Identification of cytotoxic compound from Artocarpus communis leaves against P-388 cells.

3',4'-Dimethoxy Quercetin, a Flavonol Compound Isolated from Kalanchoe pinnata

New cytotoxic compounds from Myristica fatua Houtt leaves against MCF-7 cell lines