THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Framework Convention on Climate Change

Cell wall proteins were extracted from alfalfa stems according to a three-steps extraction procedure using sequentially CaCl2, EGTA, and LiCl-complemented buffers The efficiency of this protocol for extracting cell wall proteins was compared with the two previously published methods optimized for alfalfa stem cell wall protein analysis Following LC-MS/MS analysis the three-steps extraction procedure resulted in the identification of the highest number of cell wall proteins (242 NCBInr identifiers) and gave the lowest percentage of non-cell wall proteins (about 30%) However, the three protocols are rather complementary than substitutive since 43% of the identified proteins were specific to one protocol This three-step protocol was therefore selected for a more detailed proteomic characterization using 2D-gel electrophoresis With this technique, 75% of the identified proteins were shown to be fraction-specific and 727% were predicted as belonging to the cell wall compartment Although, being less sensitive than LC-MS/MS approaches in detecting and identifying low-abundant proteins, gel-based approaches are valuable tools for the differentiation and relative quantification of protein isoforms and/or modified proteins In particular isoforms, having variations in their amino-acid sequence and/or carrying different N-linked glycan chains were detected and characterized This study highlights how the extracting protocols as well as the analytical techniques devoted to the study of the plant cell wall proteome are complementary and how they may be combined to elucidate the dynamism of the plant cell wall proteome in biological studies Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001927

/pdf/an-improved-protocol-to-study-the-plant-cell-wall-proteome-1tw11wgitk.pdf

An improved protocol to study the plant cell wall proteome

The origins of thixotropy of fresh cement pastes

Additive manufacturing and digital fabrication bring new horizons to concrete and cement-based material construction. 3D printing inspired construction techniques that have recently been developed at laboratory scale for cement-based materials. This study aims to investigate the role of the structural build-up properties of cement-based materials in such a layer by layer construction technique. As construction progresses, the cement-based materials become harder with time. The mechanical strength of the cement-based materials must be sufficient to sustain the weight of the layers subsequently deposited. It follows that the comparison of the mechanical strength, which evolves with time (i.e. structural build-up), with the loading due to layers subsequently deposited, can be expected to provide the optimal rate of layer by layer construction. A theoretical framework has been developed to propose a method of optimization of the building rate, which is experimentally validated in a layer-wise built column.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617%2Fs11527-015-0571-0.pdf

Structural built-up of cement-based materials used for 3D-printing extrusion techniques

Traditional impermeable pavements such as asphalt have dark surfaces and high thermal inertia. During hot weather, they tend to absorb and store solar radiation, which promotes the development of urban heat islands (UHI). Furthermore, permeable pavements are effective in mitigating the urban heat island effect via evaporative cooling. There are many studies in the literature on the hydraulic and mechanical characteristics of permeable pavements, but a few studies focus on the impact of evaporative cooling of these pavements. In this study, 3 types of permeable pavements based on pozzolan, recycled rubber and polyurethane resin were studied during 3 hot days. The objective was to quantify the cooling effect in these innovative permeable pavements compared to a traditional impermeable asphalt pavement. The results of this experiment show that the cooling effect in the new types of draining pavements can last up to two days in the weather conditions of this experiment compared to the traditional asphalt pavement. The evaporation rate and surface temperature of permeable pavements vary in opposite directions. In addition, evaporation in pervious pavements is controlled by the availability of water near the surface. This study is a preliminary step in the design of pavements that contribute to the valorization of rubber waste, to the stormwater management and to the reduction of the effects of urban heat islands during heat waves.

Experimental Investigation on Evaporation Rate for Enhancing Evaporative Cooling of Pervious Pavement Containing Recycled Rubber

Propriétés Physiques Et Conductivité Thermique Des Panneaux Sandwich À Base De Liège Pour L'Isolation Des Bâtiments

This paper presents a numerical study of the lateral load-carrying capacity of hemp concrete as infill material in timber frame walls. The parameters that significantly affect the lateral resistance of hemp walls were investigated. For this purpose, vertical stud timber frame walls measuring 2.5 m in height and 1.2 m in length were used as the benchmark to validate earlier experimental work. A numerical study of three timber walls filled with hemp concrete was conducted to assess the effect of wall length on the lateral load-carrying capacity of hemp concrete. Three vertical stud timber frame walls with a standard height 2.5 m and different lengths (1.2 m, 1.6 m and 2.4 m) were investigated using Abaqus software. This study confirms, firstly, that the length of a timber wall plays a significant role in the lateral load-carrying capacity of hemp concrete. Secondly, the contact and bonding between the hemp concrete and timber wall have a significant effect on the lateral load-carrying capacity of hemp concrete as infill material in timber frame walls. It was clear, from the numerical results, that increasing the length of the wall significantly increases the contribution of hemp concrete to lateral resistance. Good contact and bonding between the hemp concrete and the timber elements also increase the lateral strength of the hemp wall. 

Numerical analysis of timber frame wall filled with hemp concrete

Civil construction are subjected to live loads, and sometimes to earthquake or explosion inducing severe degradation. Consequently, the evaluation of reinforced concrete structure damages give an adequate help to decide either to replace or to repair a structure. This study presents an original way to estimate the state of damage of a construction, using a pertinent damage indicator. This factor is derived from internal indicator evaluated locally in critical cross-sections. Comparison between simulations and experimental data give good results in the way to establish the minimum required level for repairing.

Evaluation des dégradations de structures à l'aide d'un indicateur de dommage

The energy performance of buildings represents a major challenge in terms of sustainable development. The buildings and buildings construction sectors combined are responsible for over one-third of global final energy consumption and nearly 40% of total direct and indirect CO2 emissions. In order to reduce the energy consumption of buildings and their harmful impact on the environment, special attention has been paid in recent years to the use of bio-based materials. Several works have been carried out in the last decades in order to model the coupled heat, air and moisture transfers in the building envelope but the difficulties lies in the identification of numerous parameters that the HAM proposed models use. In the present paper, a sensitivity study regarding the HAM parameters is implemented in order to apprehend the most determining parameters during the transfer processes. A reduced model based on these parameters is then determined.

Sofiane Amziane

Papers

Experimental Investigation on Evaporation Rate for Enhancing Evaporative Cooling of Pervious Pavement Containing Recycled Rubber

Propriétés Physiques Et Conductivité Thermique Des Panneaux Sandwich À Base De Liège Pour L'Isolation Des Bâtiments

Numerical analysis of timber frame wall filled with hemp concrete

Evaluation des dégradations de structures à l'aide d'un indicateur de dommage

Sensitivity Study on the Parameters of a Hygrothermal Transfer Model of Air, Heat and Mass Transfer