On death and dying

Discusses conceptual and empirical issues concerning the relations between moral reasoning and moral action. Two opposite views of the relations between moral cognition and moral action are described; one is an essentially irrational view that emphasizes need and action tendencies, while the other c

Bridging Moral Cognition and Moral Action: A Critical Review of the Literature.

This article reviews the evidence for a relationship between 3 types of marital variables (marital status, marital adjustment, and marital interaction) and health problems (etiology, course/outcome/treatment) as well as the effect that health problems have on marriage. The mechanisms responsible for these associations also are evaluated. The evidence suggest that marital variables affect health status but that the effect is indirect and nonspecific. The major explanatory model, the stress/social support hypothesis, has provided a broad conceptual framework rather than testable hypotheses. The results of the review suggest, however, that sufficient evidence exists for researchers to focus on exploring specific explanations. A hypothetical model is presented that includes interpersonal, intrapersonal, psychological, and physiological variables. This model is intended as a blueprint for exploration as well as a summary of available evidence.

Analysis of the association between marital relationships and health problems: an interactional perspective.

Blackwell handbook of childhood social development.

Translating questionnaires for cross-cultural research is fraught with methodological pitfalls that threaten research validity. Some flaws are difficult to detect, leading to the erroneous conclusion that cultural differences are substantive when, in fact, they stem from semantic inconsistencies. We describe the process of translation and validation of the Hebrew version of an American questionnaire for cross-cultural comparisons of medical students' attitudes toward preventive medical services. The results provide evidence to support the validity of the Hebrew instrument for cross-cultural comparisons. Although it is always possible to contend that differences in cross-cultural comparisons result from metiodological flaws rather than actual differences, we believe that the arduous step-by-step process of validation described here reduces that possibility to an acceptable minimum.

Cross-Cultural Translation: Methodology and Validation

DREMAN, S. B., and GREENBAUM, CHARLES W. Altruism or Reciprocity: Sharing Behavior in Israeli Kindergarten Children. CmLD DEVELOPMENT, 1973, 44, 61-68. 120 preschool children, grouped by social class, ethnicity, and sex, were asked to share candies with classmates who had not received candies, in either a reciprocity or a nonreciprocity situation. Middle-class boys, as predicted, responded less generously in a situation in which the recipient would not know who gave the gift (nonreciprocity) than in a situation in which the recipient would know (reciprocity). Other groups were not affected by the reciprocity variation. This was attributed to the tendency of middle-class individuals, particularly males, to rely on reciprocity norms in prosocial transactions. A content analysis of reasons for sharing showed a clear relation between verbal expressions of altruism and actual altruistic behavior. Children giving altruistic answers contributed the largest amount. It is suggested that altruism is a multidimensional concept and that in the young child its expression may in part reflect differing levels of cognitive development.

Altruism or Reciprocity: Sharing Behavior in Israeli Kindergarten Children.

This paper is a review of children's postdivorce adjustment in relation to individual, familial, social and cultural contingencies. A systems perspective is adopted with children's adjustment being viewed as a dynamic ongoing process and causation perceived as circular. Research, interventive and treatment implications are discussed in this framework.

The Influence of Divorce on Children

This study examined the relation between divorced mothers' perceptions of family cohesion and adaptability with children's behavior problems. Mothers, with few exceptions, reported that their children had the fewest behavior problems when they perceived family cohesion and adaptability as high and the most behavioral problems when they perceived these levels as low. These results were in accordance with D. H. Olson's model of coping with stress within nonclinical populations. In contrast, children with mothers who perceived high family cohesion or adaptability reported they had the most behavior problems. They reported on fewer behavior problems when their mothers perceived cohesion or adaptability levels as low. These findings were explained on the basis of different perceptual biases in parents and children. The auhtors hypothesized that adolescent children may require clear role boundaries and stability to promote adjustment, whereas their mothers may project their positive or negative emotional states on their assessments of children's behavior problems

The Relation of Divorced Mothers' Perceptions of Family Cohesion and Adaptability to Behavior Problems in Children.

Children and their guardians, seen in treatment following the death of the children's parents in terrorist activities, were interviewed again ten years later The earlier therapy had concentrated on promoting interpersonal family strengths but, at follow-up, psychopathology indicative of unresolved trauma was reported A process view of posttraumatic adjustment and treatment is presented, and more structured research designed to test these clinical observations is proposed

CHILDREN OF VICTIMS OF TERRORISM REVISITED: Integrating Individual and Family Treatment Approaches

Contents: Preface. Part I: Introduction. S. Dreman, On the Threshold of a New Era: An Overview. Part II: Individual and Developmental Influences and Family Life. C.P. Cowan, P.A. Cowan, Working With Couples During Stressful Transitions. Y. Teichman, Depression in a Marital Context. Part III: Changing Roles and Structures in the Family. F.K. Goldscheider, Family Relationships and Life Course Strategies for the 21st Century. A.F. Steyn, Marital Integration in the Dual Career Family. Part IV: The Extended Family and Alternate Family Forms. A.B. Weiner, The False Assumptions of Traditional Values. L.A. Lomnitz, Family, Networks, and Survival on the Threshold of the 21st Century in Urban Mexico. Part V: Culture, Society and the Family. B. Birns, S. Birns, Violence-Free Families. D. Edgar, Developing the New Links Workplace: The Future of Family, Work, and Community Relationships. A. Skolnick, The Triple Revolution: Social Sources of Family Change. W. Dumon, The Situation of Families in Western Europe: A Sociological Perspective. A. Golini, A. Silvestrini, Family Change, Fathers, and Children in Western Europe: A Demographic and Psychosocial Perspective. Part VI: Situational Influences and Family Life. S. Sharlin, I. Elshanskaya, Parental Attitudes of Soviets in Israel to the Immigration Process and Their Impact on Parental Stress and Tension. S. Dreman, E. Shinar, Immigration as a Challenge: Implications for Individuals and Families. Part VII: Family Assessment in a Systems Context. D.H. Olson, Family Stress and Coping: A Multisystem Perspective. Part VIII: Conclusions. S. Dreman, Is the Family Viable? Some Thoughts and Implications for the Third Millennium.

Solly Dreman

Papers

Altruism or Reciprocity: Sharing Behavior in Israeli Kindergarten Children.

The Influence of Divorce on Children

The Relation of Divorced Mothers' Perceptions of Family Cohesion and Adaptability to Behavior Problems in Children.

CHILDREN OF VICTIMS OF TERRORISM REVISITED: Integrating Individual and Family Treatment Approaches

The family on the threshold of the 21st century : trends and implications