Digital twin can be defined as a virtual representation of a physical asset enabled through data and simulators for real-time prediction, optimization, monitoring, controlling, and improved decision making. Recent advances in computational pipelines, multiphysics solvers, artificial intelligence, big data cybernetics, data processing and management tools bring the promise of digital twins and their impact on society closer to reality. Digital twinning is now an important and emerging trend in many applications. Also referred to as a computational megamodel, device shadow, mirrored system, avatar or a synchronized virtual prototype, there can be no doubt that a digital twin plays a transformative role not only in how we design and operate cyber-physical intelligent systems, but also in how we advance the modularity of multi-disciplinary systems to tackle fundamental barriers not addressed by the current, evolutionary modeling practices. In this work, we review the recent status of methodologies and techniques related to the construction of digital twins mostly from a modeling perspective. Our aim is to provide a detailed coverage of the current challenges and enabling technologies along with recommendations and reflections for various stakeholders.

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Digital Twin: Values, Challenges and Enablers From a Modeling Perspective

Scanning the Industry 4.0: A Literature Review on Technologies for Manufacturing Systems

Mobile Edge Computing is an emerging technology that provides cloud and IT services within the close proximity of mobile subscribers. Traditional telecom network operators perform traffic control flow (forwarding and filtering of packets), but in Mobile Edge Computing, cloud servers are also deployed in each base station. Therefore, network operator has a great responsibility in serving mobile subscribers. Mobile Edge Computing platform reduces network latency by enabling computation and storage capacity at the edge network. It also enables application developers and content providers to serve context-aware services (such as collaborative computing) by using real time radio access network information. Mobile and Internet of Things devices perform computation offloading for compute intensive applications, such as image processing, mobile gaming, to leverage the Mobile Edge Computing services. In this paper, some of the promising real time Mobile Edge Computing application scenarios are discussed. Later on, a state-of-the-art research efforts on Mobile Edge Computing domain is presented. The paper also presents taxonomy of Mobile Edge Computing, describing key attributes. Finally, open research challenges in successful deployment of Mobile Edge Computing are identified and discussed.

A survey on mobile edge computing

A review of smart home applications based on Internet of Things

As the world moves toward electromobility and a concomitant decarbonization of its electrical supply, modern society is also entering a so-called fourth industrial revolution marked by a boom of electronic devices and digital technologies. Consequently, battery demand has exploded along with the need for ores and metals to fabricate them. Starting from such a critical analysis and integrating robust structural data, this review aims at pointing out there is room to promote organic-based electrochemical energy storage. Combined with recycling solutions, redox-active organic species could decrease the pressure on inorganic compounds and offer valid options in terms of environmental footprint and possible disruptive chemistries to meet the energy storage needs of both today and tomorrow. We review state-of-the-art developments in organic batteries, current challenges, and prospects, and we discuss the fundamental principles that govern the reversible chemistry of organic structures. We provide a comprehensive overview of all reported cell configurations that involve electroactive organic compounds working either in the solid state or in solution for aqueous or nonaqueous electrolytes. These configurations include alkali (Li/Na/K) and multivalent (Mg, Zn)-based electrolytes for conventional "sealed" batteries and redox-flow systems. We also highlight the most promising systems based on such various chemistries relying on appropriate metrics such as operation voltage, specific capacity, specific energy, or cycle life to assess the performances of electrodes.

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Opportunities and Challenges for Organic Electrodes in Electrochemical Energy Storage.

One of the buzzwords in the Information Technology is Internet of Things (IoT). The future is Internet of Things, which will transform the real world objects into intelligent virtual objects. The IoT aims to unify everything in our world under a common infrastructure, giving us not only control of things around us, but also keeping us informed of the state of the things. In Light of this, present study addresses IoT concepts through systematic review of scholarly research papers, corporate white papers, professional discussions with experts and online databases. Moreover this research article focuses on definitions, geneses, basic requirements, characteristics and aliases of Internet of Things. The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview of Internet of Things, architectures, and vital technologies and their usages in our daily life. However, this manuscript will give good comprehension for the new researchers, who want to do research in this field of Internet of Things (Technological GOD) and facilitate knowledge accumulation in efficiently.

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Internet of Things (IoT): A Literature Review

The Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is a new wave of future technologies. Robotic Process Automation is one of the most advanced technologies in the area of computers science, electronic and communications, mechanical engineering, and information technology. It is a combination of both hardware and software, networking and automation for doing things very simple. In this light, the research manuscript investigated the secondary data - which is available on google, academic and research databases. The investigation went for totally 6 months, i.e., 1-1-2018 to 30-6-2018. A very few empirical articles, white papers, blogs and were found RPA and came across to compose this research manuscript. This study is exploratory in nature because of the contemporary phenomenon. The keywords used in searching of the database were Robotic Process Automation, RPA, Robots, Artificial Intelligence, Blue Prism. The study finally discovered that Robots and Robotic Process Automation technologies are becoming compulsory as a part to do business operations in organizations across the globe. Robotic Process Automation can bring immediate value to the core business processes including employee payroll, employee status changes, new hire recruitment, and onboarding, accounts receivable and payable, invoice processing, inventory management, report creation, software installations, data migration, and vendor onboarding etc. to name a few applications. Besides, the Robotic Process Automation has abundant applications including healthcare and pharmaceuticals, financial services, outsourcing, retail, telecom, energy and utilities, real estate and FMCG and many more sectors. To put in the right place of RPA in business operations, their many allied technologies are working at the background level, artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, data analytics, HR analytics, virtual reality (second life), home automation, blockchain technologies, 4D printing etc. Moreover, it covers the content of different start-ups companies and existing companies - their RPA applications used across the world. This manuscript will be a good guideline for the academicians, researchers, students, and practitioners to get an overall idea.

http://www.jistem.tecsi.org/index.php/jistem/article/download/3077/707

The Future Digital Work Force: Robotic Process Automation (RPA)

Research study on the Internet of Things and Smart Things has been going on for more than a decade and reaches back to Mark Weiser’s original dream of ubiquitous computing. Bruce Sterling recently popularized the idea of Smart Objects and the IoT. Smart Things is another paradigm shift in IT world. Smart Things are the things that are having embedding smartness or intelligence, identification, automation, monitoring and controlling calibre. Smart Things are assisting human life a lot, nowadays without their applications life is becoming cumbersome. This paper exhibits systematically on Internet, Things, and then explores on Internet of Things and finally Smart Things from researchers’, and corporate’s perspective. Moreover, this article focuses on the state of Smart Things and its applications. This in turn would help the new researchers, who want to do research in this IoT domain.

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Internet of Things: Smart Things

The Internet of Things, abbreviated as IoT, is one of the most hyped concepts in this post-personal computer (PC) era. Gartner’s information technology Hype Cycle also gives much importance to the Internet of Things because of its immense opportunities in emerging global markets now and in forthcoming years. In the IoT, the base is a smart device which may be a smartphone, a tablet, a laptop, a Sony smart wallet, or a sensory device. The Internet of Things pervades almost all kinds of physical “things,” whether processing devices, devices with embedded processing ability, or measuring sensory devices. This technology provides a platform in which the physical world can be coupled with the virtual world, with the ultimate aim of a better quality of life. Nevertheless, IoT communication and connectivity are facing several security issues. The objective of the research, presented in this chapter, is to explore the concept of smart devices from the viewpoint of scholars, academicians, practitioners, and developers. Furthermore, this chapter also discusses, in some detail, the security mechanisms of smart devices, with emphasis on both physical and logical remedy mechanisms.

Security Mechanisms for Connectivity of Smart Devices in the Internet of Things

Background/Objectives: In future, billions of devices are going to connect to Future Internet (FI) to provide quality life to citizens. However energy sources for devices connection are limited. In this context, building Sustainable Smart Cities on natural energy resources is essential. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The data is collected from secondary sources i.e. online databases during the period of 2/12/2014-1/5/2015. Google search engine is used mainly for questing the articles. The data is in qualitative format including text, pictures, sound and videos. Since this article is based on exploratory study and case methodology, content analysis is done. Thematic coding is done grounded on the main keywords relating to smart cities dimensions. Findings: Main objectives of this research article are to see the sights of Smart Cities concepts. This article is also focusing on the state of art of Sustainable Masdar Smart City (UAE). As city’s name sounds “Masdar” which means “source” in Arabic, this city will be rich enough in renewable energy sources and sustainable buildings. The authors found that this Sustainable Smart City is completely energy efficient through solar. Furthermore, the authors discovered sustainable intelligent buildings of 1. IRENA’s Global Head Quarter. 2. Siemens Smart Building and 3. Masdar Institute of Science and Technology. City is designed completely based on ecofriendly of water, air and soil. Applications/Improvements: Sustainable Smart Cities are basically emphasize on optimum natural energy utilization in terms of solar, water, air and tidal. Soil and local materials are also place an important role in constitution of ecofriendly cities.

Somayya Madakam

Papers

Internet of Things (IoT): A Literature Review

The Future Digital Work Force: Robotic Process Automation (RPA)

Internet of Things: Smart Things

Security Mechanisms for Connectivity of Smart Devices in the Internet of Things

Sustainable Smart City: Masdar (UAE) (A City: Ecologically Balanced)