Artificial intelligence can assist providers in a variety of patient care and intelligent health systems. Artificial intelligence techniques ranging from machine learning to deep learning are prevalent in healthcare for disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and patient risk identification. Numerous medical data sources are required to perfectly diagnose diseases using artificial intelligence techniques, such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, mammography, genomics, computed tomography scan, etc. Furthermore, artificial intelligence primarily enhanced the infirmary experience and sped up preparing patients to continue their rehabilitation at home. This article covers the comprehensive survey based on artificial intelligence techniques to diagnose numerous diseases such as Alzheimer, cancer, diabetes, chronic heart disease, tuberculosis, stroke and cerebrovascular, hypertension, skin, and liver disease. We conducted an extensive survey including the used medical imaging dataset and their feature extraction and classification process for predictions. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines are used to select the articles published up to October 2020 on the Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, Excerpta Medical Database, and Psychology Information for early prediction of distinct kinds of diseases using artificial intelligence-based techniques. Based on the study of different articles on disease diagnosis, the results are also compared using various quality parameters such as prediction rate, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, the area under curve precision, recall, and F1-score. 

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Artificial intelligence in disease diagnosis: a systematic literature review, synthesizing framework and future research agenda

Automated, efficient and accurate classification of skin diseases using digital images of skin is very important for bio-medical image analysis. Various techniques have already been developed by many researchers. In this work, a technique based on meta-heuristic supported artificial neural network has been proposed to classify images. Here 3 common skin diseases have been considered namely angioma, basal cell carcinoma and lentigo simplex. Images have been obtained from International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) dataset. A popular multi objective optimization method called Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm — II is employed to train the ANN (NNNSGA-II). Different feature have been extracted to train the classifier. A comparison has been made with the proposed model and two other popular meta-heuristic based classifier namely NN-PSO (ANN trained with Particle Swarm Optimization) and NN-GA (ANN trained with Genetic algorithm). The results have been evaluated using various performances measuring metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall and F-measure. Experimental results clearly show the superiority of the proposed NN-NSGA-II model with different features.

Detection of skin disease using metaheuristic supported artificial neural networks

The current work proposes a neural based detection method of two different skin diseases using skin imaging. Skin images of two diseases namely Basel Cell Carcinoma and Skin Angioma are utilized. SIFT feature extractor has been employed followed by a clustering phase on feature space in order to reduce the number of features suitable for neural based models. The extracted bag-of-features modified dataset is used to train metaheuristic supported hybrid Artificial Neural Networks to classify the skin images in order to detect the diseases under study. A well-known multi objective optimization technique called Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm — II is used to train the ANN (NN-NSGA-II). The proposed model is further compared with two other well-known metaheuristic based classifier namely NN-PSO (ANN trained with PSO) and NN-CS (ANN trained with Cuckoo Search) in terms of testing phase confusion matrix based performance measuring metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall and F-measure. Experimental results indicated towards the superiority of the proposed bag-of-features enabled NN-NSGA-II model.

Image based skin disease detection using hybrid neural network coupled bag-of-features

Soil moisture quantity prediction using optimized neural supported model for sustainable agricultural applications

This work describes an method for biomedical image enhancement using modified Cuckoo Search Algorithm with some Morphological Operation. In recent years, various digital image processing techniques are developed. Computer Vision, machine interfaces, manufacturing industry, data compression for storage, vehicle tracking and many more are some of the domains of digital image processing application. In most of the cases, digital biomedical images contains various types of noise, artifacts etc. and are not useful for direct applications. Before using it in any process, the input image has to be gone through some preprocessing stages; such preprocessing is generally called as image enhancement. In this work, a new technique has been proposed to enhance biomedical images using modified cuckoo search algorithm and morphological operation. Presence of noise and other unwanted objects generates distortion in an image and it will affect the ultimate result of the process. In case of biomedical images, accuracy of the results is very important. It may also decrease the discernibility of many features inside the images. It can affect the classification accuracy. In this work, this issue has been targeted and improved by obtaining better contrast value after converting the color image into grayscale image. The basic property of the cuckoo search algorithm is that the amplitudes of its components are capable to objectively describe the contribution of the gray levels to the formation of image information for the best contrast value of a digital image. The proposed method modified the conventional cuckoo search method by employing the McCulloch's method for levy flight generation. After computing the best contrast value, morphological operation has been applied. In morphological operation based phase, the intensity parameters are tuned for quality enhancement. Experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of this work.

Biomedical image enhancement based on modified Cuckoo Search and morphology

Pixel classification in land scape images has been found to be challenging. The problem becomes more challenging in forest images due to the similar spectral features of pixels situated close to each other. Geographically weighted variables have been employed to classify the two different species namely Cryptomeria japonica (Japanese Cedar or Sugi) and Chamaecyparisobtusa (Japanese Cypress or Hinoki) and one mixed forest class. Previous attempts have shown reasonable improvement in this task using Genetic Algorithm supported Neural Network over other traditional approaches. Motivated by this, a NSGA — II supported Neural Network (NN-NSGA — II) classifier is proposed. The proposed model has been compared with GA-NN (ANN trained with Genetic Algorithm with a single objective function) classifiers in terms of confusion matrix based performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall and F-Measure. Experimental results have indicated that the proposed NN-NSGA-II model is superior to the GA-NN model to a greater extent.

Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm — II supported neural network in classifying forest types

Design of Half-Mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) based compact semi-hexagonal antennas, with the use of a tapered rectangular slot to operate for 5 GHz wireless networks has been discussed in this paper. The parent hexagonal SIW cavity is bisected to obtain half-mode structures which results in two different structures Type-1 resonating at 5.9 GHz and Type-2 resonating at 5.57 GHz. The antennas are subsequently downsized by incorporating narrow rectangular slot having resonance at 4.9 GHz and 4.77 GHz respectively. The design part of the antennas was accomplished using the Arlon AD270 substrate and the simulation deductions are analyzed with the values obtained from measurement.

Soumyadip Bose

Papers

Detection of skin disease using metaheuristic supported artificial neural networks

Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm — II supported neural network in classifying forest types

Compact HMSIW Semi-Hexagonal Antennas with Rectangular Slot