Praise for the Third Edition: "This is one of the best books available. Its excellent organizational structure allows quick reference to specific models and its clear presentation . . . solidifies the understanding of the concepts being presented."IIE Transactions on Operations EngineeringThoroughly revised and expanded to reflect the latest developments in the field, Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Fourth Edition continues to present the basic statistical principles that are necessary to analyze the probabilistic nature of queues. Rather than presenting a narrow focus on the subject, this update illustrates the wide-reaching, fundamental concepts in queueing theory and its applications to diverse areas such as computer science, engineering, business, and operations research.This update takes a numerical approach to understanding and making probable estimations relating to queues, with a comprehensive outline of simple and more advanced queueing models. Newly featured topics of the Fourth Edition include:Retrial queuesApproximations for queueing networksNumerical inversion of transformsDetermining the appropriate number of servers to balance quality and cost of serviceEach chapter provides a self-contained presentation of key concepts and formulae, allowing readers to work with each section independently, while a summary table at the end of the book outlines the types of queues that have been discussed and their results. In addition, two new appendices have been added, discussing transforms and generating functions as well as the fundamentals of differential and difference equations. New examples are now included along with problems that incorporate QtsPlus software, which is freely available via the book's related Web site.With its accessible style and wealth of real-world examples, Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Fourth Edition is an ideal book for courses on queueing theory at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners who analyze congestion in the fields of telecommunications, transportation, aviation, and management science.

Fundamentals of Queueing Theory

The theory of precautionary saving is shown in this paper to be isomorphic to the Arrow-Pratt theory of risk aversion, making possible the application of a large body of knowledge about risk aversion to precautionary saving, and more generally, to the theory of optimal choice under risk In particular, a measure of the strength of precautionary saving motive analogous to the Arrow-Pratt measure of risk aversion is used to establish a number of new propositions about precautionary saving, and to give a new interpretation of the Oreze-Modigliani substitution effect

Precautionary Saving in the Small and in the Large

Sub-Saharan Africa has just experienced one of the best decades of growth since the 1960s. Between 2000 and 2012, gross domestic product (GDP) grew more than 4.5 percent a year on average, compared to around 2 percent in the prior 20 years (World Bank various years). In 2012, the region's GDP growth was estimated at 4.7 percent- 5.8 percent if South Africa is excluded (World Bank 2013). About one-quarter of countries in the region grew at 7 percent or better, and several African countries are among the fastest growing in the world. Medium-term growth prospects remain strong and should be supported by a rebounding global economy. The challenge of youth employment in Africa may appear daunting, yet Africa's vibrant youth represent an enormous opportunity, particularly now, when populations in much of the world are aging rapidly. Youth not only need jobs, but also create them. Africa's growing labor force can be an asset in the global marketplace. Realizing this brighter vision for Africa's future, however, will require a clearer understanding of how to benefit from this asset. Meeting the youth employment challenge in all its dimensions, demographic, economic, and social, and understanding the forces that created the challenge, can open potential pathways toward a better life for young people and better prospects for the countries where they live. The report examines obstacles faced by households and firms in meeting the youth employment challenge. It focuses primarily on productivity, in agriculture, in nonfarm household enterprises (HEs), and in the modern wage sector, because productivity is the key to higher earnings as well as to more stable, less vulnerable, livelihoods. To respond to the policy makers' dilemma, the report identifies specific areas where government intervention can reduce those obstacles to productivity for households and firms, leading to brighter employment prospects for youth, their parents, and their own children.

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Youth Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa

Liberalization Attempts and Consequences

(1990). Some recent research in the analysis of mixture distributions. Statistics: Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 619-641.

Some recent research in the analysis of mixture distributions

In this article, maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) as well as Bayes estimator of traffic intensity (ρ) in an M/M/1/∞ queueing model in equilibrium based on number of customers present in the queue at successive departure epochs have been worked out. Estimates of some functions of ρ which provide measures of effectiveness of the queue have also been derived. A comprehensive simulation study starting with the transition probability matrix has been carried out in the last section.

Estimation of Traffic Intensity Based on Queue Length in a Single M/M/1 Queue

International trade and firms' attitude towards risk

Estimation of waiting time distribution in the form of its right tail area, known as exceedance probability is carried out in an M/M/1/FCFS/ ∞ / ∞ queue with the help of data consists of non zero waiting time of randomly chosen customer from n independent queues and number of queues with zero waiting time. In the first section, MLE of rate parameters and exceedance probability are obtained and their large sample behaviour is studied. Next section, Bayes estimators of the same parametric function along with the minimum Bayes risks have been derived under squared error loss using McKay’s Bivariate Gamma as prior and also independent Gamma as prior with the prior for arrival rate being truncated between 0 and μ. Some numerical calculations are shown in the last section.

Estimation of waiting time distribution in an M/M/1 Queue

AbtsrcatIn this paper, Bayes estimators of trafic intensity (ρ) and other measures of effectiveness are worked out under squared error loss function (SELF) and entropy loss function (ELF) with Beta distribution as prior. Number of customers present in each of n iid M/M/1 queueing systems are considered as data. A comprehensive simulation study has been carried out in the last section.

Bayes Estimation of Measures of Effectiveness in an M/M/1 Queueing Model

In order to answer the pertinent question why developing countries are showing penchant for foreign capital over the last two decades in spite of its detrimental effects as revealed from the conventional two-sector mobile capital version of Harris–Todaro (HT) model in the presence of protectionist policy; this paper, in terms of a three-sector HT type general equilibrium model with agricultural dualism where advanced agricultural sector produces a non-traded intermediate input using capital apart from labour and land for the agro-based industry in the urban sector, tries to show that foreign capital inflow may not only improve social welfare, but also lower the magnitude of urban unemployment of labour or may render the phenomenon of ‘jobless growth’.

Revisiting the Apparent Paradox: Foreign Capital Inflow, Welfare Amelioration and ‘Jobless Growth’ with Agricultural Dualism and Non-traded Intermediate Input

Soumyatanu Mukherjee

Papers

Estimation of Traffic Intensity Based on Queue Length in a Single M/M/1 Queue

International trade and firms' attitude towards risk

Estimation of waiting time distribution in an M/M/1 Queue

Bayes Estimation of Measures of Effectiveness in an M/M/1 Queueing Model

Revisiting the Apparent Paradox: Foreign Capital Inflow, Welfare Amelioration and ‘Jobless Growth’ with Agricultural Dualism and Non-traded Intermediate Input