Testicular anatomy and embryology are reviewed, along with the risk factors, epidemiology, differential diagnosis, staging, and management of testicular cancer.

https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/pdf/10.1148/rg.352140097

Testicular Tumors: What Radiologists Need to Know—Differential Diagnosis, Staging, and Management

http://jped.com.br/conteudo/11-87-03-187/port.pdf

Post infectious bronchiolitis obliterans in children.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of resective pediatric epilepsy surgery for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS). METHODS: We analyzed clinical data of 27 children and adolescents who had LGS and underwent resective epilepsy surgery despite abundant (>30% of preoperative interictal and/or ictal epileptiform discharges) generalized or generalized contralateral maximal and multiregional electroencephalogram abnormalities. RESULTS: On high-resolution MRI, cerebral lesions were noted in 23 (85.2%) patients but not in 4 (14.8%) patients. The age of patients at the time of surgery was between 1.7 and 17.3 years (mean: 7.8 years). Surgeries were lobar or multilobar resection in 21 (77.8%) patients and hemispherotomy in 6 (22.2%). At a mean of 33.1 months9 postoperative follow-up, 16 (59.3%) patients had no seizures and 4 (14.8%) had infrequent seizures. Of 4 patients without brain abnormalities found on MRI, 2 patients became seizure-free after resective surgery was performed on the basis of electrophysiologic studies and concordant results in other multimodal neuroimages. Malformation of cortical development was the most common pathology and was seen in 20 (74.1%) patients, but 2 (7.4% patients) did not show any abnormal pathology. Sixteen (72.7%) patients, including 14 who had no seizures and 2 who had infrequent seizures after surgery, showed an increase in developmental quotient. No clinical profile was significantly associated with postoperative seizure-free rate. CONCLUSIONS: Resective epilepsy surgery should be considered for children with LGS, despite abundant generalized and multiregional electroencephalogram abnormalities.

Resective pediatric epilepsy surgery in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

OBJECTIVE Increased incidence of adenovirus infection in children was noticed since September 2010 in Taiwan and severe cases requiring intensive care were noted later. We did this study to find the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with severe adenovirus infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS We collected cases of severe adenovirus infection between November 2010 and June 2011 to analyze their clinical characteristics in two medical centers in northern Taiwan. Severe adenovirus infection was defined as laboratory-confirmed adenovirus cases with required intensive care. Hexon gene sequencing was performed for molecular genotyping. RESULTS 45 patients were included, 22 cases (49%) were infected with serotype 7, 19 (42%) with serotype 3, and 4 with serotype 2. The median age (range) was 2.75 years (0.08-15.43 years); 87% were below 5 years. Male to female ratio was 1.65 (28 to 17). Of these patients, 56% had underlying neurological diseases, 50% experienced fever higher than 40°C and 69% suffered fever longer than one week. The clinical diagnosis included pneumonia in 40 (89%) patients, bronchopneumonia in 5 (11%), and encephalitis in 7 (16%). At least 22 patients had pleural effusion. They had complications of respiratory failure (53%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (24%), hypotension (40%), and 6 (13%) patients needed extracorporeal membranous oxygenation. Ten (22%) patients died, all with underlying major systemic diseases and 7 (70%) infected with serotype 7. CONCLUSIONS Adenovirus serotype 7 and 3 can cause severe disease-even death-in children, especially those with underlying neurological diseases. Patients infected with adenovirus serotype 7 tended to have a higher case-fatality rate.

/pdf/adenovirus-serotype-3-and-7-infection-with-acute-respiratory-1d1zep3rzw.pdf

Adenovirus Serotype 3 and 7 Infection with Acute Respiratory Failure in Children in Taiwan, 2010–2011

Object The authors report on the use of stereoelectroencephalography (stereo-EEG) in the presurgical electroclinical evaluation of infants and very young children with focal drug-resistant epilepsy. Methods Fifteen patients (9 girls and 6 boys, mean age 34.1 ± 7.3 months, range 21–45 months), potentially candidates to receive surgical treatment for their focal drug-resistant epilepsy, were evaluated using stereo-EEG recording for a detailed definition of the epileptogenic zone. Stereoelectroencephalography was indicated because neuroradiological (brain MRI) and video-EEG data failed to adequately localize the epileptogenic zone. Stereotactic placement of multicontact intracerebral electrodes was preceded by the acquisition of all pertinent anatomical information from structural and functional MRI and from brain angiography, enabling the accurate targeting of desired structures through avascular trajectories. Stereoelectroencephalography monitoring attempted to record habitual seizures; electrical stimulat...

Stereoelectroencephalography in the presurgical evaluation of focal epilepsy in infancy and early childhood.

A testicular carcinoma in intraabdominal undescended testis can mimic other mesenteric or retroperitoneal mass. The identification of pampiniform plexus draining the mass can play an important role in diagnosis of testicular carcinoma in undescended testis. We report a case of seminoma in intraabdominal undescended testis, draining into pampiniform plexus and thrombus within it.

Seminoma in undescended testis.

Introduction: Varying clinical progress and long-term pulmonary sequelae have been associated with different adenoviral serotypes.



Objective:  The purpose of this study was to determine the association between serotype and clinical profiles of pediatric adenoviral pneumonia cases that occurred in Korea from 1996–1998.



Methods:  Nasopharyngeal aspirate samples from 44 adenovirus–positive patients presenting with acute severe respiratory disease were sent to reference laboratories for serotyping. Clinical course and chest X-rays were analyzed during the acute phase, and HRCTs were performed during the convalescent phase to identify long-term pulmonary complications.



Results:  Ad-7 was associated with the most severe clinical course and resultant long-term pulmonary sequelae, followed by milder clinical course and lower frequency of sequelae in Ad-3 cases, and even milder outcomes in children infected with Ad-5.



Conclusions:  In complicated adenoviral pneumonia, certain serotypes prevail with Ad-7 being the most severe. Continued serotyping with the eventual goal of creating a database for the early diagnosis, treatment and prognostication of adenoviral pneumonia is needed.



Please cite this paper as: Callaway Z, Kim SH, Kim JY, Kim DW and Kim C-K. Adenovirus infection with serious pulmonary sequelae in Korean children. Clin Respir J 2011; 5: 92–98.

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1752-699X.2010.00204.x

Adenovirus infection with serious pulmonary sequelae in Korean children.

The aim of this study was to reveal the clinical and encephalographic (EEG) features of infantile spasms (IS) with malformations of cortical development (MCDs). The clinical features, EEG findings, neuroimaging studies and outcomes of various therapeutic modalities for 27 patients with IS and MCDs were reviewed. Background activities of EEG on the MCDs, i.e. asymmetric hypsarrhythmia, localized persistent polymorphic slowing, asymmetric slowing and diffuse fast activities, were shown in 22, 15, 9 and 2 patients, respectively. Partial epileptiform discharges such as localized paroxysmal fast activities, spindle-shaped fast activities and subclinical seizures were shown in 15, 8 and 10 patients, respectively, and the lateralized prominence of generalized paroxysmal fast activities and generalized sharp and wave discharges in 4 and 5 patients, respectively. MCDs were suspected in 5 patients, as revealed by EEG and/or functional neuroimagings without distinct magnetic resonance imaging lesions, and confirmed by pathologic findings. Of the 11 patients treated with surgical resection, 8 became seizure free. EEG features can be very useful in the identification of underlying cortical dysgenesis in patients with IS. However, in one patient who underwent epilepsy surgery in early infancy, we observed easy bleeding and difficult hemostasis from friable vascular and parenchymal tissues. Various EEG features can be very useful in screening underlying MCDs. In addition, epilepsy surgery can be an effective therapeutic modality in many patients with otherwise medically intractable IS with MCDs. However, surgical intervention in extremely young infants should be performed with caution.

Clinical and electroencephalographic features of infantile spasms associated with malformations of cortical development.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Small bowel intussusception is rarely diagnosed in children And its studies have not been frequently reported While surgical treatment has been considered as standard treatment in small bowel intussusception in adult population, spontaneous reduction of it is increasingly reported recently Therefore, we analyzed the clinical features and outcome of small bowel intussusception in children compared with ileocolic intussusception METHODS 95 children with the diagnosis of intussusception who visited Sanggye-Paik hospital were included in this study between March 2000 and December 2003 We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records and imaging findings Ultrasonographic studies were performed by an experienced pediatric radiology staff using SEQUOIA 512 machine (probe 4-8 MHz) RESULTS A total of 80 patients with ileocolic intussusception (41 male, 39 female) and 15 patients (11 male, 4 female) with small bowel intussusception were diagnosed Children with small bowel intussusception were older than ileocolic intussusception (mean age: 40 months vs 16 months) The presenting symptoms of small bowel intussusception were vomiting, irritability, abdominal pain, bloody stool, and abdominal mass in order and were not different with those of ileocolic intussusception While in ileocolic intussusception group, reduction was done by gastrograffin enema (738%), spontaneous reduction (0%) and surgical reduction (263%), spontaneous reduction was done in 733% and surgical reduction in 20% in small bowel intussusception group CONCLUSIONS Small bowel intussusception in children occurred in older age than ileocolic intussusception and was reduced spontaneously in large proportion

[Clinical characteristics of intussusception in children: comparison between small bowel and large bowel type].

The left brachiocephalic vein usually passes superior and anterior to the aortic arch. In rare cases, this vein follows an anomalous course; for example, a circumaortic left brachiocephalic vein. We present the case of a circumaortic left brachiocephalic vein in a 53-year-old male with lung cancer. A multidetector CT showed that the two branches of the left brachiocephalic vein circumscribed the aortic arch. The anterior branch was above and the posterior branch was below the aortic arch. Both branches drained into the superior vena cava.

/pdf/circumaortic-left-brachiocephalic-vein-ct-findings-1i4hu2fic5.pdf

Soung Hee Kim

Papers

Seminoma in undescended testis.

Adenovirus infection with serious pulmonary sequelae in Korean children.

Clinical and electroencephalographic features of infantile spasms associated with malformations of cortical development.

[Clinical characteristics of intussusception in children: comparison between small bowel and large bowel type].

Circumaortic Left Brachiocephalic Vein: CT Findings