Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

According to W. Edwards Deming, American companies require nothing less than a transformation of management style and of governmental relations with industry. In Out of the Crisis, originally published in 1982, Deming offers a theory of management based on his famous 14 Points for Management. Management's failure to plan for the future, he claims, brings about loss of market, which brings about loss of jobs. Management must be judged not only by the quarterly dividend, but by innovative plans to stay in business, protect investment, ensure future dividends, and provide more jobs through improved product and service. In simple, direct language, he explains the principles of management transformation and how to apply them.

Out of the Crisis

The general view of descriptive research as a lower level form of inquiry has influenced some researchers conducting qualitative research to claim methods they are really not using and not to claim the method they are using: namely, qualitative description. Qualitative descriptive studies have as their goal a comprehensive summary of events in the everyday terms of those events. Researchers conducting qualitative descriptive studies stay close to their data and to the surface of words and events. Qualitative descriptive designs typically are an eclectic but reasonable combination of sampling, and data collection, analysis, and re-presentation techniques. Qualitative descriptive study is the method of choice when straight descriptions of phenomena are desired.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/1098-240X%28200008%2923%3A4%3C334%3A%3AAID-NUR9%3E3.0.CO%3B2-G

Whatever happened to qualitative description

How to Do Things With Words

The present historical moment may seem a particularly inopportune time to review Bowling Alone, Robert Putnam's latest exploration of civic decline in America. After all, the outpouring of volunteerism, solidarity, patriotism, and self-sacrifice displayed by Americans in the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks appears to fly in the face of Putnam's central argument: that \"social capital\" -defined as \"social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them\" (p. 19)'has declined to dangerously low levels in America over the last three decades. However, Putnam is not fazed in the least by the recent effusion of solidarity. Quite the contrary, he sees in it the potential to \"reverse what has been a 30to 40-year steady decline in most measures of connectedness or community.\"' As an example of how the current \"war on terrorism\" could generate a durable civic renewal, Putnam points to the burst in civic practices that occurred during and after World War II, which he says \"permanently marked\" the generation that lived through it and had a \"terrific effect on American public life over the last half-century.\" 3 If Americans can follow this example and channel their current civic

Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community

Since Durkheim's pioneering study, official suicide statistics have been suspected of underreporting the true suicide rate. A majority of researchers asserts that mistakes are minimal and not syste...

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/4145372.pdf

Suicide Determination and the Professional Authority of Medical Examiners

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) aims to address the persistent problem of clinical practice variation with the help of various tools, including standardized practice guidelines. Based on a systematic evaluation of the available scientific evidence, these guidelines offer recommendations for clinicians about details of patient care and clinical decision making. Because clinical practice guidelines specify how health care should be performed, they could be considered a threat to clinical and professional autonomy. Inspired by the theory of countervailing powers, this article explores how clinical practice guidelines have shifted the focus of professional power from autonomy to accountability. Professional organizations develop clinical practice guidelines as a service to their members but do not require strict adherence to the guidelines. Indeed, implementation studies show at best a modest change in clinical behavior. Such non-adherence might render a profession vulnerable, however, when third parties seize upon guidelines and offer financial incentives to keep clinicians accountable for delivering optimal patient care.

From autonomy to accountability: the role of clinical practice guidelines in professional power.

Foreword -- Bern Shen, M.D. Preface Introduction: "What They Didn't Tell You in Your CPR Course" 1. Death Awareness in the United States 2. The Search for the Best Resuscitation Technique 3. CPR for All 4. Lifesaving in Action 5. Deciding Life and Death 6. "There Is a Code and a Code" 7. Saving Life or Saving Death? Appendix: Methodology Notes References Index

Sudden Death and the Myth of CPR

Research Groups in Dutch Sociology

Hospital emergency departments traditionally have policies that require relatives and friends to wait out the resuscitative attempt of their loved ones in a counseling room. In recent years, this widespread practice has been questioned. In some hospitals, family members and friends are given the option to attend the resuscitative effort. Based on in depth interviews, three different resuscitation perspectives to which health care providers subscribe have been identified. According to the advocates of the survival framework, the only goal that a resuscitation should achieve is to save a human life. In the bifurcated perspectives, a resuscitation has two separate goals: saving lives and taking care of family members. Health care providers who subscribe to the holistic framework are still concerned with survival of the patient, but significant others become participants in the resuscitation process.

Stefan Timmermans

Papers

Suicide Determination and the Professional Authority of Medical Examiners

From autonomy to accountability: the role of clinical practice guidelines in professional power.

Sudden Death and the Myth of CPR

Research Groups in Dutch Sociology

High touch in high tech: the presence of relatives and friends during resuscitative efforts.