Key issues related to modelling of internal corrosion of oil and gas pipelines - A review

https://www.elsevier.com/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/96971/Application-of-corrosion-inhibitors-for-steels-in-acidic-media.pdf

Application of corrosion inhibitors for steels in acidic media for the oil and gas industry: A review

Reactions of pipeline steels in carbon dioxide solutions

Evolution of dissolution processes at the interface of carbon steel corroding in a CO2 environment studied by EIS

Corrosion inhibition of mild steel by ethylamino imidazoline derivative in CO2-saturated solution

A predictive model was developed for uniform carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion, based on modeling of individual electrochemical reactions in a water-CO2 system. The model takes into account the electrochemical reactions of hydrogen ion (H+) reduction, carbonic acid (H2CO3) reduction, direct water reduction, oxygen reduction, and anodic dissolution of iron. The required electrochemical parameters (e.g., exchange current densities and Tafel slopes) for different reactions were determined from experiments conducted in glass cells. The corrosion process was monitored using polarization resistance, potentiodynamic sweep, electrochemical impedance, and weight-loss measurements. The model was calibrated for two mild steels over a range of parameters: temperature (t) = 20°C to 80°C, pH = 3 to 6, partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) = 0 bar to 1 bar (0 kPa to 100 kPa), and ω = 0 rpm to 5,000 rpm (vp = 0 m/s to 2.5 m/s). The model was applicable for uniform corrosion with no protective films present. Performance of...

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An Electrochemical Model for Prediction of Corrosion of Mild Steel in Aqueous Carbon Dioxide Solutions

A predictive model of CO{sub 2} corrosion, based on modelling of individual electrochemical reactions occurring in a water CO{sub 2} system, is presented. The model takes into account the following electrochemical reactions: hydrogen ion reduction, carbonic acid reduction, direct water reduction, oxygen reduction and anodic dissolution of iron. The required electrochemical parameters in the model such as: exchange current densities and Tafel slopes for different reactions are determined from experiments conducted in glass cells. In those experiments the corrosion process was monitored with the following electrochemical measuring techniques: polarization resistance, potentiodynamic sweep, electrochemical impedance in addition to weight loss measurements. The model has been calibrated for two different mild steels over a wide range of parameters: t = 20--80C, pH 3--6, p(CO{sub 2})= 0--1 bar, {omega} = 0--5,000 rpm. In its present stage of development the model applies for the case of uniform corrosion with no protective films present. Performance of the model is validated by comparing the predictions with results from independent loop experiments. The predictions made with the present model were also compared with performance of other CO{sub 2} corrosion prediction models. Compared to the previous largely empirical models, the present model gives a much clearer picture ofmore » the corrosion mechanisms and of the effect of key parameters.« less

An electrochemical model for prediction of CO{sub 2} corrosion

CO2 Corrosion Prediction by Use of the NORSOK M-506 Model - Guidelines and Limitations

CO2 Corrosion Prediction Model - Basic Principles

Iron from corrosion in two gas-condensate pipelines caused problems in the glycol regeneration units due to iron precipitation. Even if the amount of iron did not represent any significant corrosion problem in the pipelines, the solution to this problem was to reduce the corrosion rate by use of pH stabilization. NaOH was injected to achieve a pH value of 7.4 which reduced the iron content to 10 ppm. This corresponded to a maximum corrosion rate of less than 0.1 mm/year.

Stein Olsen

Papers

An Electrochemical Model for Prediction of Corrosion of Mild Steel in Aqueous Carbon Dioxide Solutions

An electrochemical model for prediction of CO{sub 2} corrosion

CO2 Corrosion Prediction by Use of the NORSOK M-506 Model - Guidelines and Limitations

CO2 Corrosion Prediction Model - Basic Principles

pH-stabilization in the Troll gas-condensate pipelines