1. What Is Metaphor? 2. Common Source and Target Domains 3. Kinds of Metaphor 4. Metaphor in Literature 5. Nonlinguistic Realizations of Conceptual Metaphors 6. The Basis of Metaphor 7. The Partial Nature of Metaphorical Mappings 8. Cognitive Models, Metaphors, and Embodiment 9. Metaphorical Entailments 10. The Scope of Metaphor 11. Metaphor Systems 12. Another Figure: Metonymy 13. The Universality of Conceptual Metaphors 14. Cultural Variation in Metaphor and Metonymy 15. Metaphor, Metonymy, and Idioms 16. Metaphor and Metonymy in the Study of Language 17. Metaphors and Blends 18. Metaphor in Discourse 19. How Does All This 20. Hang Together? GLOSSARY SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES REFERENCES GENERAL INDEX METAPHOR AND METONYMY INDEX

Metaphor: A Practical Introduction

Etablissement de quelques principes de changement semantique sous-tendant le developpement des elements lexicaux et grammaticaux dans l'expression des modalites epistemiques

On the Rise of Epistemic Meanings in English: An Example of Subjectification in Semantic Change

List of figures Preface and acknowledgements Conventions List of abbreviations 1. The framework 2. Prior and current work on semantic change 3. The development of modal verbs 4. The development of adverbials with discourse marker function 5. The development of performative verbs and constructions 6. The development of social deictics 7. Conclusion Primary references Secondary references Index of languages Index of names Index of subjects.

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Regularity in Semantic Change

The theory developed here is that quotations are demonstrations that are component parts of language use. Demonstrations are unlike descriptions in two main ways. They are nonserious rather than serious actions. A person demonstrating a limp isn't actually or really limping. And they depict rather than describe their referents, though they depict only selected aspects of the referents. The demonstrator of the limp depicts some but not all of its aspects. Quotations, we argue, have all the properties of genuine demonstrations. They too are nonserious actions and selective depictions. For evidence we appeal to a wide range of phenomena in spontaneous spoken and written quotations.*

Quotations as Demonstrations

The handbook of pragmatics , The handbook of pragmatics , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز

Stephen Ullmann

Papers

Semantics: An Introduction to the Science of Meaning

The principles of semantics

A Functional View of Language

The Principles of Semantics

Semántica: introducción a la ciencia del significado