Showing papers by "Steven D. Clouse published in 2003"
TL;DR: The ability to manipulate endogenous BR levels in mutant plants affected in BR biosynthetic genes and in transgenic plants with altered expression levels of these genes, has allowed testing for causal relationships in BR action that were previously only inferred by application of exogenous BR to wild-type plants.
Abstract: Brassinosteroids (BRs) are now firmly established as essential regulators of plant growth and development affecting a broad spectrum of processes at the molecular, cellular and physiological levels. The pace of BR research has continued to accelerate since the discovery of BR-insensitive and -deficient mutants in the mid 1990’s and progress in understanding mechanistic details of both BR signal transduction and biosynthesis has been particularly dramatic. Studies on the effect of BRs on whole plant physiology, including stress adaptation, continue to build on early experiments in numerous crop species while integrating the advances made in BR molecular genetics in Arabidopsis. The ability to manipulate endogenous BR levels in mutant plants affected in BR biosynthetic genes and/or in transgenic plants with altered expression levels of these genes, has allowed testing for causal relationships in BR action that were previously only inferred by application of exogenous BR to wild-type plants. The discovery of specific inhibitors of BR biosynthesis that phenocopy BR-deficient mutants has greatly facilitated these types of studies and has
13 citations
TL;DR: Brassinosteroids (BRs) are structurally similar to the animal steroid hormones found in vertebrates and insects, and Plants also use steroids as signaling molecules.
Abstract: In humans and other animals, steroid hormones regulate transcription via membrane-bound receptors. These receptors have an extracellular ligand-binding domain and an intracellular domain that are responsible for transducing the signal to the next member along the signaling pathway. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are structurally similar to the animal steroid hormones found in vertebrates and insects. Plants also use steroids as signaling molecules. BRs regulate the expression of numerous genes associated with plant development, and require the activity of a serine/threonine (Ser/ Thr) receptor kinase to realize these effects. Signaling in dicotyledonous (e.g.,Arabidopsis thaliana)and monocotyle-donous (e.g.,Oryza sativa) models, is mediated by the receptor kinases BRI1 and OsBRI1, respectively. The extracellular domain of BRI1 perceives BRs, and the signal is then mediated via an intracellular kinase domain that autophosphorylates Ser and Thr residues and potentially, other substrates. BRI1 transduces steroid signals across the plasma membrane and mediates genomic effects.
3 citations