Steven R. Leigh

TL;DR: High throughput microbial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing indicated that diversity, richness and composition of howler GI microbiomes varied with host habitat in relation to diet, and a reduction in the number of genes related to butyrate production and hydrogen metabolism in the microbiomes of howlers occupying suboptimal habitats may impact host health.

TL;DR: The results indicate that primates are characterized by significant variation in patterns of brain growth, and appear to present at least two major metabolic adaptations that represent components of distinctive life‐history adaptations.

TL;DR: Birth seasonality of prehistoric sheep from the site of Kasteelberg, South Africa, was investigated by high resolution intra-tooth analysis of enamel oxygen isotope ratios, showing two birth seasons, probably in autumn and spring.

TL;DR: The results suggest that primates have evolved a number of developmental pathways that lead to similar levels of adult dimorphism, and it is expected that male patterns of growth respond primarily to sexual selection, but that female patterns ofgrowth respond to natural selection.

TL;DR: Energy and nutrient production by the gut microbiota appears to provide an effective buffer against seasonal fluctuations in energy and nutrient intake for these primates and is likely to have a similar function in other mammal species.