자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism

Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

After briefly explaining why social capital (civil society) is important to democracy, Putnam devotes the bulk of this chapter to demonstrating social capital’s decline in the United States across the last quarter century. (See Putnam 1995 for a similar but more detailed argument.) While he acknowledges that the significance of a few countertrends is difficult to assess without further study, Putnam concludes that crucial factors such as social trust are eroding rapidly in the United States. He offers some possible explanations for this erosion and concludes by outlining the work needed to consider these possibilities more fully.

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“Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital”

This article examines five common misunderstandings about case-study research: (1) Theoretical knowledge is more valuable than practical knowledge; (2) One cannot generalize from a single case, therefore the single case study cannot contribute to scientific development; (3) The case study is most useful for generating hypotheses, while other methods are more suitable for hypotheses testing and theory building; (4) The case study contains a bias toward verification; and (5) It is often difficult to summarize specific case studies. The article explains and corrects these misunderstandings one by one and concludes with the Kuhnian insight that a scientific discipline without a large number of thoroughly executed case studies is a discipline without systematic production of exemplars, and that a discipline without exemplars is an ineffective one. Social science may be strengthened by the execution of more good case studies.

Five Misunderstandings About Case-Study Research

Frameworks of Power An Overview of the Argument Power Traditional Roots, Modern Problems Political Community, Methodological Procedures and the Agency Model The Power of Intention and Structure Lukes' Dimensions and Epistemology Giddens' Critique of Parsons and the Duality of Structure Post-Structuralism, Sovereign Power and Disciplinary Power Circuits of Power A Framework for Analysis Constituting Circuits of Power in Modernity

Frameworks of power

Handbook of Organization Studies

This book is a thoughtful antidote to the simple views that see social science as a science like any other-positivistic science. It begins with a well-grounded empirical case of the development and application of expert knowledge, then moves through consideration of context and values, the centrality of power, and a reconsideration of the Greek roots of modern knowledge. It concludes with some salient observations based on the author's own feedback and research practice. Making Social Science Matter: Why Social Inquiry Fails and How it Can Succeed Again. Bent Flyvbjerg: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 205 Pages. INTRODUCTION "Physics envy" is one of those phrases that, as an apprentice social scientist, I wished I had heard about 30 years ago. I was studying for a doctorate degree then, a process in which much musing was centered on some central issues in the philosophy of social science. In the texts that I read and the debates that I encountered there was a lot of it about physics envy, that is. What was in short supply was much to make one feel confident as a social science researcher. Instead, rather like a character in a Beckett play, one was waiting for a character-the great deliverer of a truly social science-that never shows up. So I had to write a thesis regardless. Of course, there were various sightings that raised anticipations in different audiences, at different times: some barracked for Parsons, others for Marx, as a great unifier while others just got on with it and didn't think too much about what "it" might mean. They just did it. How they did it seemed to be based on an assumption that, while social science isn't physics, it does have some formal similarities. It has hypotheses; it contains propositions; and, maybe, some covering law-like explanations. (One colleague claims that the universal relationship between the size of organizations and their increasing need for centralization is such a relation.) If only Bent Flyvbjerg's book had been available then! BEYOND THE SCIENCE WARS The author begins with the hoax played by the physicist, Alan Sokal, one of the editors of the journal Social Text. Most people probably know about it. Sokal (1996) submitted an article that appeared to "deconstruct" physics and the editors accepted and published it. Thus was the latest salvo in the debate about the "two cultures" fired across the bows of the global social science community. The implications were clear: for bona fide-not to say macho-"real" scientists, social science is unreal and unnatural: simplistic in its assumptions, short on quality controls, and peopled by beings of lesser judgment, if not intelligence, than those to be found in the Natural Science Faculties. Flyvbjerg (page 3) is quite explicit about the implications of such warfare: "Social science is locked in a fight that it cannot hope to win, because it has accepted terms that are self-defeating." What is to be done to change these terms and avoid defeat? Go back to Aristotle and start over again, says Flyvbjerg. Eschew Aristotle's path to knowledge that routes through the virtues of either techne or episteme and instead use Aristotle's account of a prudent and wise science-one founded on phonesis-and integrate it with a Foucauldian conception of power. The route to Aristotle turns out to be quite contemporary-it works through the phenomenology of human learning in the light of the Dreyfus and Dreyfus (1986) model. This is the model that demonstrates that expert learning goes far beyond knowing and using the rules to accomplish an activity. Indeed, such explicit knowledge and referral is, in fact, counter to expertise that seems to rely on tacit knowledge and intuition embedded in context much more than it does on explicit and disembedded knowledge. Physics envy is closely related to Cartesian anxiety-the fear of nihilism and relativism that lies outside the borders of a strict analytical and rational scientific tradition. …

Making Social Science Matter: Why Social Inquiry Fails and How It Can Succeed Again

PART ONE: THEORIZING THE FIELD Organizational Theorizing - Michael Reed A Historically Contested Terrain Ecological Approaches to Organizations - Joel A C Baum and Andrew V Shipilov Organizational Economics - Jay B Barney and William Hesterly Understanding the Relationship between Organizations and Economic Analysis Meso Organizational Behavior - D Brent Smith, Benjamin Schneider and Marcus W Dickson Comments on the Third Paradigm Complexity Science and Organization Studies - Steve Maguire, Bill McKelvey, Laurent Mirabeau and Nail Oztas Institutions and Institutional Work - Thomas B Lawrence and Roy Suddaby Critical Theory and Postmodernism Approaches to Organizational Studies - Mats Alvesson and Stanley Deetz From the 'Woman's' Point of View' Ten Years Later - Marta B Calas and Linda Smircich Towards a Feminist Organization Studies Data in Organization Studies - Ralph Stablein Making Organization Research Matter - Bent Flyvbjerg Power, Values, and Phronesis Researching Organizations Using Action Research - Colin Eden and Chris Huxham The Philosophy of the Social Sciences in Organizational Studies - Stephen P Turner Representation and Reflexivity - Stewart Clegg and Cynthia Hardy PART TWO: EXPLORING THE ISSUES Leadership in Organizations - Ken W Parry and Alan Bryman Perspectives on Organizational Decision-Making - Susan J Miller and David C Wilson A Decision Perspective on Organizations - Margaret A Neale, Ann E Tenbrunsel, Tiffany Galvin and Max H Bazerman Social Cognition, Behavioral Decision Theory and the Psychological Links to Micro and Macro Organizational Behaviour Diverse Identities in Organizations - Stella M Nkomo and Marcus Stewart Revisiting Metaphors of Organizational Communication - Linda L. Putnam and Suzanne Boys Beyond Contingency - Rita Gunther McGrath From Structure to Structuring in the Design of the Contemporary Organization Organizing for Innovation in the 21st Century - Deborah Dougherty The New Corporate Environmentalism and Green Politics - John Jermier, Linda Forbes, Suzanne Benn and Renato Orsato Green Politics and Critical-Reflective Organizational Systems Globalization - Barbara Parker and Stewart Clegg Emotion and Organizing - Stephen Fineman Exploring the Aesthetic Side of Organizational Life - Pasquale Gagliardi Organizational Culture - Joanne Martin, Peter J Frost and Olivia A O'Neill Beyond Struggles for Intellectual Dominance Some Dare Call It Power - Cynthia Hardy and Stewart Clegg Networks and Organizations - Kelley A Porter and Walter W Powell The Effect of Rhetoric on Competitive Advantage: Knowledge, Rhetoric and Resource-Based Theory - John A A Sillince Radical Organizational Change - Royston Greenwood and C R Hinings Seeing Organizations Differently - Peter J Frost, Jane E Dutton, Sally Maitlis, Jacoba M Lilius, Jason M Kanov and Monica C Worline Three Lenses on Compassion

The SAGE Handbook of Organization Studies

Fixing the Institutionalization of Theory and Practice Power and Efficiency Body, Soul, and Mind The Curious Case of Max Weber The Rational System and Its Irrational Other The Heart of Darkness Power to and Power over The Foucault Effect Critical Theories Discursive Theories Power and Organizational Forms Corporate Power Elites The Futures of Power?

http://www.laisumedu.org/DESIN_Ibarra/desin/imagenesclegg/clegg20desc.pdf

Stewart Clegg

Papers

Frameworks of power

Handbook of Organization Studies

Making Social Science Matter: Why Social Inquiry Fails and How It Can Succeed Again

The SAGE Handbook of Organization Studies

Power and Organizations