다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

基礎講座 電気泳動(Electrophoresis)

https://recipp.ipp.pt/bitstream/10400.22/3012/4/ART_LuciaSantos_2010_GRAQ.pdf

Ecotoxicological aspects related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment

Methamphetamine as a model compound was extracted from 2.5-mL aqueous samples adjusted to pH 13 (donor solution) through a thin phase of 1-octanol inside the pores of a polypropylene hollow fiber and finally into a 25-microL acidic acceptor solution inside the hollow fiber. Following this liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction (LLLME), the acceptor solutions were analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis (CE). Extractions were performed in simple disposable devices each consisting of a conventional 4-mL sample vial, two needles for introduction and collection of the acceptor solution, and a 8-cm piece of a porous polypropylene hollow fiber. From 5 to 20 different samples were extracted in parallel for 45 min, providing a high sample capacity. Methamphetamine was preconcentrated by a factor of 75 from aqueous standard solutions, human urine, and human plasma utilizing 10(-1) M HCl as the acceptor phase and 10(-1) M NaOH in the donor solution. In addition to preconcentration, LLLME also served as a technique for sample cleanup since large molecules, acidic compounds, and neutral components were not extracted into the acceptor phase. Utilizing diphenhydramine hydrochloride as internal standard, repetitive extractions varied less than 5.2% RSD (n = 6), while the calibration curve for methamphetamine was linear within the range 20 ng/microL to 10 micrograms/mL (r = 0.9983). The detection limit of methamphetamine utilizing LLLME/CE was 5 ng/mL (S/N = 3) in both human urine and plasma.

Liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction for sample preparation of biological fluids prior to capillary electrophoresis.

Electrokinetic migration across artificial liquid membranes: New concept for rapid sample preparation of biological fluids

The demand for automation in analytical liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) combined with organic solvent reduction or elimination has led to the recent development of liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) based on disposable hollow fibres. In this concept, analytes of interest are extracted from aqueous samples, through a thin layer of organic solvent immobilized within the pores of a porous hollow fibre, and into an acceptor solution inside the lumen of the hollow fibre. Subsequently, the acceptor solution is directly subjected to a final analysis by capillary gas chromatography (CGC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), or mass spectrometry (MS) without any further effort. Hollow fibre-based LPME may provide high analyte pre-concentration and excellent sample clean-up, and it has a broad application potential within areas such as drug analysis and environmental monitoring. This review focuses on basic extraction principles, technical set-up, recovery, enrichment, extraction speed, selectivity, applications, and future trends in hollow fibre-based LPME.

Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard

Papers

Liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction for sample preparation of biological fluids prior to capillary electrophoresis.

Electrokinetic migration across artificial liquid membranes: New concept for rapid sample preparation of biological fluids

Developments in hollow fibre-based, liquid-phase microextraction

Liquid-phase microextraction with porous hollow fibers, a miniaturized and highly flexible format for liquid-liquid extraction.

Environmental and bioanalytical applications of hollow fiber membrane liquid-phase microextraction: a review.