All these premises having, as I think, been clearly made out, it is impossible that the rulers now on earth should make any benefit, or derive any the least shadow of authority from that, which is held to be the fountain of all power, Adam's private dominion and paternal jurisdiction; so that he that will not give just occasion to think that all government in the world is the product only of force and violence, and that men live together by no other rules but that of beasts, where the strongest carries it, and so lay a foundation for perpetual disorder and mischief, tumult, sedition and rebellion, (things that the followers of that hypothesis so loudly cry out against) must of necessity find out another rise of government, another original of political power, and another way of designing and knowing the persons that have it, than what Sir Robert Filmer hath taught us.

Two Treatises of Government.

Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers

Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism

From a world history perspective, the most noticeable trend in the history of the late 19th century was the domination of Europeans over Non­Europeans. This domination took many forms ranging from economic penetration to outright annexation. No area of the globe, however remote from Europe, was free of European merchants, adventurers, explorers or western missionaries. Was colonialism good for either the imperialist or the peoples of the globe who found themselves subjects of one empire or another? A few decades ago, the answer would have been a resounding no. Now, in the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union, the more or less widespread discrediting of Marxist and Leninist analysis, and the end of the Cold War, political scientists and historians seem willing to take a more positive look at Nineteenth Century Imperialism. One noted current historian, Niall Ferguson has argued that the British Empire probably accomplished more positive good for the world than the last generation of historians, poisoned by Marxism, could or would concede. Ferguson has argued that the British Empire was a \" liberal \" empire that upheld international law, kept the seas open and free, and ultimately benefited everyone by ensuring the free flow of trade. In other words, Ferguson would find little reason to contradict the young Winston Churchill's assertion that the aim of British imperialism was to: give peace to warring tribes, to administer justice where all was violence, to strike the chains off the slave, to draw the richness from the soil, to place the earliest seeds of commerce and learning, to increase in whole peoples their capacities for pleasure and diminish their chances of pain. It should come as no surprise that Ferguson regards the United States current position in the world as the natural successor to the British Empire and that the greatest danger the U.S. represents is that the world will not get enough American Imperialism because U.S. leaders often have short attention spans and tend to pull back troops when intervention becomes unpopular. It will be very interesting to check back into the debate on Imperialism about ten years from now and see how Niall Ferguson's point of view has fared! The other great school of thought about Imperialism is, of course, Marxist. For example, Marxist historians like E.J. Hobsbawm argue that if we look at the l9th century as a great competition for the world's wealth and …

The New Imperialism

Sociological studies sensitive to the issue of place are rarely labeled thus, and at the same time there are far too many of them to fit in this review. It may be a good thing that this research is seldom gathered up as a “sociology of place,” for that could ghettoize the subject as something of interest only to geographers, architects, or environmental historians. The point of this review is to indicate that sociologists have a stake in place no matter what they analyze, or how: The works cited below emplace inequality, difference, power, politics, interaction, community, social movements, deviance, crime, life course, science, identity, memory, history. After a prologue of definitions and methodological ruminations, I ask: How do places come to be the way they are, and how do places matter for social practices and historical change?

A Space for Place in Sociology

Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and Other Real-and-Imagined Places

The Geographies of Young People traces the changing scientific and societal notions of what it is to be a young person, and argues that there is a need to rethink how we view childhood spaces, child development and the politics of growing up.This book brings coherency to the growing field of children's geographies by arguing that although most of it does not prescribe solutions to the moral assault against young people, it nonetheless offers appropriate insights into difference and diversity, and how young people are constructed.Other books in the series:Culture/Place/Health (forthcoming)Seduction of Place (forthcoming)Celtic Geographies (forthcoming) TimespaceBodiesMind and Body SpacesChildren's GeographiesLeisure/Tourism GeographiesThinking SpaceGeopolitical TraditionsEmbodied GeographiesAnimal Spaces, Beastly PlacesCloset SpaceClubbingDe-centering SexualitiesEntanglements of Power.

Geographies of Young People: The Morally Contested Spaces of Identity

1: Putting young people in their place 2: From the ground up: Natural developments 3: Learning through the body 4: Draped outside in and hung inside out: Embodying sex and race 5: Material transformations: Local children in global places 6: Destined to suffer the most 7: A space to play and a time for justice

Geographies of Play: A Response to the Review of Geographies of Young People: The Morally Contested Spaces of Identity

Introduction: Engaging Qualitative Geography - Dydia DeLyser et al PART ONE: OPENINGS Introduction - Dydia DeLyser A History of Qualitative Research in Geography - Meghan Cope 'Throwntogetherness': Encounters with Difference and Diversity - Stuart C Aitken A Taut Rubber Band: Theory and Empirics in Qualitative Geographic Research - Steve Herbert Policy, Research Design and the Socially Situated Researcher - Kari B Jensen and Amy K Glasmeier Mixed Methods: Thinking, Doing and Asking in Multiple Ways - Sarah Elwood PART TWO: ENCOUNTERS AND COLLABORATIONS Introduction - Steve Herbert Ethnography and Participant Observation - Annette Watson and Karen E Till Autoethnography as Sensibility - David Butz Interviewing: Fear and Liking in the Field - Linda McDowell Life History Interviewing - Peter Jackson and Polly Russell Focus Groups as Collaborative Research Performances - Fernando J Bosco and Thomas Herman Visual Methods and Methodologies - Mike Crang Doing Landscape Interpretation - Nancy Duncan and James Duncan Caught in the Nick of Time: Archives and Fieldwork - Hayden Lorimer Textual and Discourse Analysis - Jason Dittmer GIS as Qualitative Research: Knowledge, Participatory Politics and Cartographies of Affect - Stuart C Aitken and Mei-Po Kwan 'A Little Bird Told Me ...': Approaching Animals through Qualitative Methods - Mona Seymour and Jennifer Wolch Performative, Non-Representational and Affect-Based Research: Seven Injunctions - J D Dewsbury PART THREE: MAKING SENSE Introduction - Mike Crang Writing Qualitative Geography - Dydia DeLyser The Art of Geographic Interpretation - Sara MacKian Representing the Other: Negotiating the Personal and the Political - Garth Myers Major Disasters and General Panics: Methodologies of Activism, Affinity and Emotion in the Clandestine Insurgent Rebel Clown Army - Paul Routledge Reflections on Teaching Qualitative Methods in Geography - Deborah G Martin

The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Geography

This paper traces how the notion of childhood changes as part of other social transformations. Globalization and the disillusion of public and private spheres are related to contemporary crises of childhood. Visible working children and child violence are highlighted as examples of unchildlike behaviour that suggests indeterminacy in the constitution of the global child. Issues of children's rights and new forms of justice are raised as potentially liberatory ways of viewing the crisis.

Stuart C. Aitken

Papers

Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and Other Real-and-Imagined Places

Geographies of Young People: The Morally Contested Spaces of Identity

Geographies of Play: A Response to the Review of Geographies of Young People: The Morally Contested Spaces of Identity

The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Geography

Global crises of childhood: rights, justice and the unchildlike child