Showing papers by "Stuart L. Stanton published in 1996"

Minimally invasive surgery: competent and continent?

Abstract: The history of continence surgery is replete with successful and unsuccessful operations. It started with the anterior colporrhaphy in 1882, which was closely followed by the sling operation described by yon Giodarno [1] in 1907. This was modified many times until its modern version, which is largely based on Aldridge's operation in 1942 [2]. Just prior to that, Murless [3], in 1938, described the first minimally invasive procedure, which was the periurethral injection of sodium morrhuate, a sclerosing agent. Subsequently several other agents were used, notably polytetrafluoroethylene (Polytef) [4] and collagen (Contigen) [5]. Retropubic surgery continued to dominate, with a description in 1949 of the Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz procedure [6], surely the earliest and best example of close urological and gynecological collaboration. In 1959 Pereyra [7] devised his operation, which is probably the second 'minimally invasive' procedure. It was subsequently modified by Pereyra and Lebherz in 1978 [8]. Meanwhile, Stamey had produced his own modification in 1973 [9] and Raz produced his in 1981 [10]. Gittes and Loughlin described a no-incision approach in 1987 [11]. Probably the most effective operation was that described by Burch in 1961 [12], the colposuspension (the term was first coined by Turner-Warwick and Whiteside in 1970) [13]. In 1973, Scott, a urologist, Bradley, a neurologist and Timm, an engineer, described the most complicated and probably the most invasive operation so far, the use of the artificial urinary sphincter [14]. No further major advances occurred until the arrival of laparoscopic surgery in the late 1980s. With this incentive, Vancaillie and Schuessler described the laparoscopic suspension of the bladder neck in 1991 [15]. Just 9