Stuart S. Sumida

TL;DR: A phylogenetic analysis posits the Late Pennsylvanian Eocasea martini Reisz and Fröbisch, 2014, as the basalmost member of the monophyletic Caseidae and the later occurring middle Early Permian Bromacker caseid as the sister taxon of the remaining late Early and Middle Permians members of the clade.

TL;DR: In the last portion of the symposium, Maderson and Homberger as discussed by the authors presented a general question which is directed to Dominique (Homberger), Blair (Wolf), and Warren (Porter) and asked if anyone from the audience, at any time, wishes to make comments, would they please move over to the central aisle and take up positions behind one of the three microphones.

TL;DR: The orientation of the lingual-most row of teeth, and the five as opposed to six maxillary tooth rows, suggest either new tooth rows may move labially during development or bone growth and remodeling occur lingually, resulting in the development of a margin of maxillary bone between the fifth row and the lingUAL edge.

TL;DR: A new captorhinid species, Rhodotheratus parvus, was described in this paper, which is the smallest known mature member of the family and possesses multiple maxillary and dentary tooth rows despite its very small size.

TL;DR: The anatomical answer to this artistic question goes beyond refinement of quasistatic simulation schemes and finite elements methods to address several basic principles of human facial anatomy, expression and ontogeny.