Departamento de Bioquimica e Microbiologia Instituto de Biociencias Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Avenida 24A, 1515, CEP 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP

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Pectin and Pectinases: Production, Characterization and Industrial Application of Microbial Pectinolytic Enzymes

Discrimination of teas with different degrees of fermentation by SPME–GC analysis of the characteristic volatile flavour compounds

Pectinases are the growing enzymes of biotechnological sector, showing gradual increase in their market. They hold a leading position among the commercially produced industrial enzymes. These enzymes are ecofriendly tool of nature that are being used extensively in various industries like wine industry; food industry; paper industry for bleaching of pulp and waste paper recycling; in the processing of fruit–vegetables, tea–coffee, animal feed; extraction of vegetable oil and scouring of plant fibres. Moreover, enzymatic catalysis is preferred over other chemical methods, since it is more specific, less aggressive and saves energy. This is the review which covers the information available on the applicability potential of this group of enzymes in various sectors.

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Microbial pectinases: an ecofriendly tool of nature for industries

Pectinolytic microbes have been industrially exploited for pectinases that are environment friendly enzymes and mineralize pectic substances present in the environment. This review provides structural understanding of the molecular determinants of pectin utilization, mechanisms driving catabolite selectivity and industrial applicability. The topology of pectinase with distinct catalytic machinery enables it to persist in harsh environment during infection and analysis of pectin degradation pathway has resulted in understanding the role of different pectinases in subsequent steps of substrate digestion in different cellular compartments. The pH has a definite role in altering enzyme properties. Acidic pectinases are utilized especially in food processing industries for extraction and clarification of fruit juices. Alkaline pectinases find tremendous applications in biotechnology based industries especially for cotton bioscouring and retting of plant fibers in textile processing, paper making and treatment of waste water containing pectinaceous material.

Alkaline pectinases: A review

Ten moulds isolated from municipal waste soil sample were screened for pectinolytic enzyme production when grown on pectin containing (YPSS) solid media Penicillium chrysogenum was selected based on clearance zones and pectinase enzyme production was carried out in submerged fermentation Enzyme production by Penicillium chrysogenum was higher at pH 65 and a temperature of 35°C using sucrose and ammonium per sulphate as carbon source and nitrogen source, respectively The maximal activity of P chrysogenum pectinase was at 50°C, pH 65 and was thermostable up to 40°C MgCl 2 and CaCl 2 ions had little effect on pectinase activity K m and V max values were 10 mg/mL and 85 U/mg protein, respectively and an apparent molecular weight of 31 kDa on SDS-PAGE

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Subbaiyan Murugesan

Papers

Improvement of tea leaves fermentation with Aspergillus spp. pectinase.