The growth of a vapor bubble in a superheated liquid is controlled by three factors: the inertia of the liquid, the surface tension, and the vapor pressure. As the bubble grows, evaporation takes place at the bubble boundary, and the temperature and vapor pressure in the bubble are thereby decreased. The heat inflow requirement of evaporation, however, depends on the rate of bubble growth, so that the dynamic problem is linked with a heat diffusion problem. Since the heat diffusion problem has been solved, a quantitative formulation of the dynamic problem can be given. A solution for the radius of the vapor bubble as a function of time is obtained which is valid for sufficiently large radius. This asymptotic solution covers the range of physical interest since the radius at which it becomes valid is near the lower limit of experimental observation. It shows the strong effect of heat diffusion on the rate of bubble growth. Comparison of the predicted radius‐time behavior is made with experimental observations in superheated water, and very good agreement is found.

The growth of vapor bubbles in superheated liquids. report no. 26-6

Horizon 2020 Project “Design for Resource and Energy efficiency in CerAMic Kilns- DREAM Project (Grant No: 723641), Horizon 2020 Industrial THERMal energy recovery conversion and management (Grant No:680599) and ESPRC (Grant No: EP/P004636/1)

https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/16137/3/Fulltext.pdf

Waste Heat Recovery Technologies and Applications

Environmental impacts of solar energy systems: A review.

The need for energy-efficient and environmentally friendly refrigeration, heat pumping, air conditioning, and thermal energy harvesting systems is currently more urgent than ever. Magnetocaloric energy conversion is among the best available alternatives for achieving these technological goals and has been the subject of substantial basic and applied research over the last two decades. The subject is strongly interdisciplinary, requiring proper understanding and efficient integration of knowledge in different specialized fields. This review article presents a historical and up-to-date account of the energy-related applications of magnetocaloric materials and information about their processing and magnetic fields, thermodynamics, heat transfer, and other relevant characteristics. The article also discusses the conceptual design of magnetocaloric refrigeration and power generation systems and some guidelines for future research in the field.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aenm.201903741

Energy Applications of Magnetocaloric Materials

Progress in carbon capture technologies.

https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/14401/3/FullText.pdf

Heat pipe based systems - Advances and applications

https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/17324/4/FullText.pdf

Applications and thermal management of rechargeable batteries for industrial applications

In this paper, the performance of a heat pipe based thermal management technique for batteries has been investigated experimentally. In this regard, a test rig was developed and used to demonstrate the effectiveness of flat heat pipe (heat mat) technology at controlling and maintaining the temperature of a prototype battery module, which consisted of sixteen prismatic lithium-titanate (LTO) cells. Test results were obtained which proved the ability of the technology to keep the battery cells at an optimal temperature, during cycling representative of real-world operation, from either a cold or hot start. The heat mat was shown to efficiently absorb the heat generated by the cells and transfer it effectively to an external cooling medium of either water or refrigerant. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the maximum cell temperature is significantly reduced and the overall temperature uniformity of the module is greatly improved, when compared to a module with no thermal management. The maximum cell temperature was kept below 28 °C and the module temperature uniformity was maintained at +/−1 °C. By using test cycles that generated a quasi-steady-state heat load from the cells, it was shown that approximately 60% of the heat generated by the cells was removed by the heat mat. The results obtained from this work demonstrate that heat mat technology can improve battery performance and longevity by reducing the degradation and ageing process and cell imbalances, that result from high cell temperatures and module/pack-level temperature non-uniformity.

Sulaiman Almahmoud

Papers

Waste Heat Recovery Technologies and Applications

Heat pipe based systems - Advances and applications

Applications and thermal management of rechargeable batteries for industrial applications

Investigation, Development and Experimental Analyses of a Heat Pipe Based Battery Thermal Management System

Experimental and theoretical investigation of a flat heat pipe heat exchanger for waste heat recovery in the steel industry