Biocompatibility, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications L. Harivardhan Reddy,†,‡ Jose ́ L. Arias, Julien Nicolas,† and Patrick Couvreur*,† †Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie, Universite ́ Paris-Sud XI, UMR CNRS 8612, Faculte ́ de Pharmacie, IFR 141, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Cleḿent, F-92296 Chat̂enay-Malabry, France Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmaceútica, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain ‡Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Sanofi, 13 Quai Jules Guesdes, F-94403 Vitry-sur-Seine, France

Magnetic nanoparticles: design and characterization, toxicity and biocompatibility, pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.

[*] Prof. K. Müllen, Dr. X. L. Feng, Dr. S. B. Yang Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz (Germany) E-mail: muellen@mpip-mainz.mpg.de; feng@mpip-mainz.mpg.de Prof. L. J. Zhi National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China Beiyitiao 11, 100190 Beijing (China) E-mail: zhilj@nanoctr.cn Prof. J. Maier, Q. Cao Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)

Nanographene-Constructed Hollow Carbon Spheres and Their Favorable Electroactivity with Respect to Lithium Storage

The authors would like to acknowledge MINECO (formerly, MICINN) for the project grant MAT2011-25870. M.G. thanks MINECO (formerly, MICINN) for the predoctoral fellowship
BES-2009-023939.

Nano/micromotors in (bio)chemical science applications.

Hollow carbon spheres (HCSs), also sometimes called carbon capsules, refer to hollow structured carbon particles of millimetre, micron or even nanometre size and correspondingly thin shells. These materials are presently attracting great attention due to their unique properties such as encapsulation ability, controllable permeability, surface functionality, high surface-to-volume ratios, and excellent chemical and thermal stabilities. In many aspects, carbon capsules are therefore superior to their polymer- or metal-based counterparts. In the present review, two main synthetic strategies, hard-templating and soft-templating routes, but also far more uncommon preparation ways are reported and concisely described. The main features of the resultant HCSs are also briefly given. Recent progress in the main application aspects of HCSs, such as adsorption, energy storage and catalysis, among others, is next discussed. Finally, an outlook of their prospects and challenges in terms of controlled synthesis and applications is presented.

Hollow carbon spheres, synthesis and applications – a review

Over the past few decades, a new branch of plasma research, nanomaterial (NM) synthesis through plasma–liquid interactions (PLIs), has been developing rapidly, mainly due to the various, recently developed plasma sources operating at low and atmospheric pressures. PLIs provide novel plasma–liquid interfaces where many physical and chemical processes take place. By exploiting these physical and chemical processes, various NMs ranging from noble metal nanoparticles to graphene nanosheets can easily be synthesized. The currently rapid development and increasingly wide utilization of the PLI method has naturally lead to an urgent need for the presentation of a general review. This paper reviews the current status of research on PLIs for NM synthesis. The focus is on a comprehensive understanding of the synthesis process and perceptive opinions on current issues and future challenges in this field.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0022-3727/48/42/424005/pdf

A review of plasma-liquid interactions for nanomaterial synthesis

In this paper, we propose a new mechanism for targeted drug release based on active locomotion. The manipulating method is a magnetic torque control based on a rotating magnetic field using a three-axis Helmholtz coil system. The applied magnetic field creates two rolling (radial and longitudinal directions) and a rotating motion for active locomotion according to variations in the working space and robot posture. Two spiral components in the robot mechanism and the rotating motion completely conduct and control the drug release. Magnetic attractive force between the two spiral components prevents drug leakage during the movement for targeting. When the robot arrives at the destination, the robot switches the direction of the thrust force of the two spiral components to separate the robot body for the drug release. The thrust force for the drug release is higher than the magnetic attractive force. We verified the rapid active locomotion and targeted drug release using precise control through various experiments. In our assessment, the proposed robot mechanism can realize the role of a functional medical robot for therapy and diagnosis.

Magnetic Robot and Manipulation for Active-Locomotion With Targeted Drug Release

Nanographite structures formed during annealing of disordered carbon containing finely-dispersed carbon nanocapsules with iron carbide cores

Purification and separation of carbon nanocapsules as a magnetic carrier for drug delivery systems

Various magnetic micro-robots driven by an external magnetic field have recently been suggested for bio-medical application. The main benefit of control using an external magnetic field that it is wireless and the robot is battery-free. Most locomotion methods of magnetic micro-robots depend on swimming method using an alternatiing magnetic field. In addition, a rotating magnetic field has been used for the spiral swimming method. In this paper, we propose a new locomotion method and mechanism within the rotating magnetic field using a three-axis Helmholtz coil. The proposed mechanism is based on snake-like skeletal motion that consists of an NdFeB spherical magnet, artificial spine, and ribs. This structure creates an undulatory motion based on dynamic rotation of both roll and yaw motions by magnetic torque. The proposed mechanism and driving method shows excellent mobility in various environments.

Magnetic Actuation Based Snake-Like Mechanism and Locomotion Driven by Rotating Magnetic Field

In this paper, we introduce the property and effects of using magnetic bearings for the synchronous magnetic axial coupling operation of magnetic wireless pumps. Typically, the developed magnetic wireless pump can be driven by both synchronous radial and axial coupling. However, because of the radial direction of magnetization in the fully magnetic impeller and the strong coupling force, synchronous magnetic radial coupling has been used for magnetic wireless pumps. To utilize a synchronous axial coupling with weaker coupling force to driving the pump, we considered a magnetic bearing mechanism using the magnetic array of rectangular Nd-Fe-B magnets (14 pieces). The proposed magnetic bearing resulted in a magnetically levitated effect, stable operation, and wide torque variation in the magnetic axial coupling. We investigated the magnetic properties and the enhanced driving performance of the magnetic wireless pump through simulation with experiments.

Sung Hoon Kim

Papers

Magnetic Robot and Manipulation for Active-Locomotion With Targeted Drug Release

Nanographite structures formed during annealing of disordered carbon containing finely-dispersed carbon nanocapsules with iron carbide cores

Purification and separation of carbon nanocapsules as a magnetic carrier for drug delivery systems

Magnetic Actuation Based Snake-Like Mechanism and Locomotion Driven by Rotating Magnetic Field

Magnetic Bearings and Synchronous Magnetic Axial Coupling for the Enhancement of the Driving Performance of Magnetic Wireless Pumps