This chapter contains sections titled: Product Definition for Broadband Wireless Systems Technology Drivers Evolving Wireless Broadband Market Segments Open Systems and Intelligence at the Edge Radio Network System Engineering References

Always Best Connected

Mobile terminals in 4G heterogeneous wireless networks continuously undergo horizontal and vertical handovers. In order for a mobile terminal to be connected to a network in the best possible way in terms of QoS performance and energy consumption, access network selection as the main decision within the handover process is obviously crucial. This paper presents a novel method that takes into account user preferences, network conditions, QoS and energy consumption requirements in order to select the optimal network which achieves the best balance between performance and energy consumption. The proposed network selection method incorporates the use of parameterized utility functions in order to model diverse QoS elasticities of different applications, and adopts different energy consumption metrics for real-time and non-real-time applications. User preferences are easily configured for different application and situation contexts through the use of linguistic assessments and their representation as triangular fuzzy numbers. The aggregation of multiple criteria for the calculation of the overall rating of the networks is performed through the use of the Fuzzy Set Representation TOPSIS method that resolves the issue of inconsistency related to conflicting decision criteria and is modified through the use of the employed utility functions for the elimination of the ranking abnormality problem. Finally, simulations are conducted in order to demonstrate how the proposed method would work and confirm its suitability and effectiveness.

A utility-based fuzzy TOPSIS method for energy efficient network selection in heterogeneous wireless networks

Traditionally, energy efficiency aspects have been included in the wireless access network design space only in the context of power control aimed at interference mitigation and for the increase of the terminal battery lifetime. Energy consumption of network components has also, for a long time, not been considered an issue, neither in equipment design nor in network planning and management. However, in recent years, with the user demand increasing at nearly exponential pace and margins rapidly shrinking, concerns about energy efficiency have been raised, with the objective of reducing network operational costs (not to mention the environmental issues). Installing more energy-efficient hardware does not seem to fully solve the problem, since wireless access networks are almost invariably (over)provisioned with respect to the peak user demand. This means that efficient resource management schemes, which are capable of controlling how much of the network infrastructure is actually needed and which parts can be temporarily powered off to save energy, can be extremely effective and provide quite large cost reductions. Considering that most of the energy in wireless access networks is consumed in the radio part, dynamic provisioning of wireless access network resources is crucial to achieving energy-efficient operation. The consensus on this approach in the research community has been wide in the last few years, and a large number of solutions have been proposed. In this paper, we survey the most important proposals, considering the two most common wireless access technologies, namely, cellular and WLAN. The main features of the proposed solutions are analyzed and compared, with an outlook on their applicability in typical network scenarios that also include cooperation between both access technologies. Moreover, we provide an overview of the practical implementation aspects that must be addressed to achieve truly energy-efficient wireless access networks, including current standardization work, and trends in the development of energy-efficient hardware.

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Dynamic Resource Provisioning for Energy Efficiency in Wireless Access Networks: a Survey and an Outlook

Protocol for carrying Authentication for Network Access (PANA) を利用したネットワークアクセス認証システムの実装と検証

In this letter, we propose an efficient power-saving mechanism using paging of cellular networks for WLAN in heterogeneous wireless networks, where WLAN interface is turned off during idle state without any periodic wake-up in order to save power consumption while at the same time, the existing paging of cellular network is utilized in place of beacons in WLAN. For the proposed mechanism, the mean power consumption is investigated via analytical and simulation results.

An efficient power-saving mechanism for integration of WLAN and cellular networks

With the advent of a number of wireless network technologies such as WCDMA and WLAN, current mobiles are equipped with multiple network interfaces, so called Multi-Mode Terminal (MMT). MMTs are capable to access different kinds of networks by performing a vertical handover between heterogeneous wireless networks, where during the idle state, the MMTs consume a lot of energy since their WLAN interface must wake up for listening to periodical beacons. However, previous studies on the vertical handover did not address how to select the optimal interface taking into account the characteristics of MMTs, especially energy consumption. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an energy-efficient interface selection scheme for MMTs in the integrated WLAN and cellular networks. The proposed interface selection scheme takes advantage of existing out-of-band paging channel of cellular networks, so that the WLAN interface can be completely turned off during the idle state leading to reduction in energy consumption. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms conventional approaches in terms of energy consumption with reduced signaling overhead and handover delay.

An energy-efficient interface selection for multi-mode terminals by utilizing out-of-band paging channels

A method for performing multi-path communication by a terminal through a gateway comprises the steps of: storing a whitelist including applications to be subject to multi-path communication; and generating the gateway and at least one path, using at least one multi-communication interface, when a first application included in the whitelist is executed.

Network device and terminal for multi-path communication, operation method thereof, and program implementing operation method

One of the promising deployment scenarios for Multipath TCP (MPTCP) is
to enable a Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) that is connected to
multiple networks (e.g., DSL, LTE, WLAN) to optimize the usage of its
network attachments. Because of the lack of MPTCP support at the
server side, some service providers now consider a network-assisted
model that relies upon the activation of a dedicated function called
MPTCP Concentrator. This document focuses on a deployment scheme where
the identity of the MPTCP Concentrator(s) is explicitly configured on
connected hosts. This document specifies an MPTCP option that is used
to avoid an encapsulation scheme between the CPE and the MPTCP
Concentrator. Also, this document specifies how UDP traffic can be
distributed among available paths without requiring any encapsulation
scheme.

An MPTCP Option for Network-Assisted MPTCP Deployments: Plain Transport Mode

This document specifies an application proxy, called Transport
Converter, to assist the deployment of TCP extensions such as
Multipath TCP. This proxy is designed to avoid inducing extra delay
when involved in a network-assisted connection (that is, 0-RTT). This
specification assumes an explicit model, where the proxy is explicitly
configured on hosts. -- Editorial Note (To be removed by RFC Editor)
Please update these statements with the RFC number to be assigned to
this document: [This-RFC] Please update TBA statements with the port
number to be assigned to the 0-RTT TCP Convert Protocol.

SungHoon Seo

Papers

An efficient power-saving mechanism for integration of WLAN and cellular networks

An energy-efficient interface selection for multi-mode terminals by utilizing out-of-band paging channels

Network device and terminal for multi-path communication, operation method thereof, and program implementing operation method

An MPTCP Option for Network-Assisted MPTCP Deployments: Plain Transport Mode

0-RTT TCP Convert Protocol