There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

The structure and function of the skin details the individual components of the epidermis, dermis, and their roles in normal skin health. The individual cell types in the epidermis, the different epidermal layers, and the roles of the keratinocyte are explained. The epidermis and dermis, and their important relation to each other through the dermoepidermal junction are described. The dermal adnexal structures of hair follicles (pilosebaceous units), sweat glands, and nerves are all considered. The functions of skin and barrier function are also listed. Rare but important causes of disordered sweating (hyperhidrosis and hypohidrosis) are described. In addition, presentations of hyperhidrosis are discussed.

Structure and function of the skin

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Emerging trends in the novel drug delivery approaches for the treatment of lung cancer

Nanoemulsions have attracted great attention in research, dosage form design and pharmacotherapy. This is as a result of a number of attributes peculiar to nanoemulsions such as optical clarity, ease of preparation, thermodynamic stability and increased surface area. Nanoemulsions also known as submicron emulsions serve as vehicles for the delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients as well as other bioactives. They are designed to address some of the problems associated with conventional drug delivery systems such as low bioavailability and noncompliance. The importance of design and development of emulsion nanocarrier systems aimed at controlling and/or improving required bioavailability levels of therapeutic agents cannot be overemphasized. Reducing droplet sizes to the nanoscale leads to some very interesting physical properties, such as optical transparency and unusual elastic behaviour. This review sheds light on the current state of nanoemulsions in the delivery of drugs and other bioactives. The morphology, formulation, characteristics and characterization of nanoemulsions were also addressed.

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Current State of Nanoemulsions in Drug Delivery

Background: Nanotechnology explores a variety of promising approaches in the area of material sciences on a molecular level, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are of leading interest in the present scenario This review is a comprehensive contribution in the field of green synthesis, characterization, and biological activities of AgNPs using different biological sources Methods: Biosynthesis of AgNPs can be accomplished by physical, chemical, and green synthesis; however, synthesis via biological precursors has shown remarkable outcomes In available reported data, these entities are used as reducing agents where the synthesized NPs are characterized by ultraviolet-visible and Fourier-transform infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy Results: Modulation of metals to a nanoscale drastically changes their chemical, physical, and optical properties, and is exploited further via antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, and cardioprotective activities Results showed excellent growth inhibition of the microorganism Conclusion: Novel outcomes of green synthesis in the field of nanotechnology are appreciable where the synthesis and design of NPs have proven potential outcomes in diverse fields The study of green synthesis can be extended to conduct the in silco and in vitro research to confirm these findings

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Green nanotechnology: a review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles - an ecofriendly approach.

Evaluation of gum ghatii as a novel solubility enhancer for poorly water soluble drugs

This huge group of compounds, now collectively termed as “phytochemicals,” found in plants, is responsible for therapeutic effect as well as color, flavor, and aroma of foods. These phytochemicals have different classes (phenol, flavonoid, alkaloid, carotenoid, nitrogen-containing, organosulfur compounds, and so forth). Some of these phytochemicals have proven to exhibit the potentials for the treatment and management of the different type of cancer (breast, lung, prostate, oral, blood, cervical) through antioxidant enzymes, enhancing deoxyribonucleic acid repair pathways, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. This chapter enlisted the plant source material with their scientifically proven molecules and possible preclinical and clinical effects, different phytoconstituents sources in the treatment and management of the different type of cancer.

Roles of Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Cancer

Floating tablets of Marichyadi Vati were developed with an aim to prolong its gastric residence time and increase the bioavailability of drug. Rapid gastrointestinal transit could result in incomplete drug release from the drug delivery system above the absorption zone leading to diminished efficacy of the administered dose. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique, using HPMC E50 LV act as Matrixing agent, Carbopol as floating enhancer, microcrystalline cellulose as binder, Sodium bi carbonate as effervescent agent with other excipients. The simplex lattice design was used for selection of variables for tablets formulation. Formulation was optimized on the basis of floating time and in vitro drug release. The results showed that the floating lag time for optimized formulation was found to be 61 second with about 97.32 % of total drug release within 3 hours. The vitro release profiles of drug from the formulation could be best expressed zero order with highest linearity r = 0.9943. It was concluded that the gastroretentive drug delivery system can be developed for Marichyadi Vati containing Piperine to increase the residence time of the drug in the stomach and thereby increasing bioavailability. Keywords—Piperine, Marichyadi Vati, Gastroretentive drug delivery, Floating tablet.

Development and Evaluation of Gastro Retentive Floating Tablets of Ayurvedic Vati Formulation

In vacuum technology, metal gasket seals are extensively employed to achieve a UHV with reduced contamination considering the pressure and temperature variations as it performs a static seal between two stationary members of a mechanical assembly. The optimum sealing is attained over the balancing of the forces effective, which are function of temperature, governs the surface deformation for the metal gasket seal follows into degradation in the leak tightness at elevated temperatures. The prime component exerting the most deformation force over metal gasket seals, gasket seating force is a constant value generated by the bolting of the stationary members of a mechanical assembly. The paper address to metal gasket seals, copper and aluminum, behavior under thermo-mechanical load is analyzed (simulation), with ANSYS platform, workbench. The major concern is to investigate the typical deformation behavior as a function of thermal variation, baking/ cooling. For copper and Aluminum gasket seals, 16mm to 250mm internal diameter, exposed to pre-established gasket seating force under wide temperatures range. The deformation, average and the deformation range, observed to move in a very specific manner and runs to a wide range for a given material and size. The data reported here deserves to be substantial enough to establish the prediction of thermal behavior of metal gasket seals for standardization.

Suresh Purohit

Papers

Evaluation of gum ghatii as a novel solubility enhancer for poorly water soluble drugs

Roles of Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Cancer

Development and Evaluation of Gastro Retentive Floating Tablets of Ayurvedic Vati Formulation

Thermo-mechanical induced deformation simulation studies for metal gaskets for UHV application