物件導向軟體之架構(Object-Oriented Software Construction)探討

Aspect] is a simple and practical aspect-oriented extension to Java With just a few new constructs, AspectJ provides support for modular implementation of a range of crosscutting concerns. In AspectJ's dynamic join point model, join points are well-defined points in the execution of the program; pointcuts are collections of join points; advice are special method-like constructs that can be attached to pointcuts; and aspects are modular units of crosscutting implementation, comprising pointcuts, advice, and ordinary Java member declarations. AspectJ code is compiled into standard Java bytecode. Simple extensions to existing Java development environments make it possible to browse the crosscutting structure of aspects in the same kind of way as one browses the inheritance structure of classes. Several examples show that AspectJ is powerful, and that programs written using it are easy to understand.

An overview of AspectJ

A type system is a syntactic method for automatically checking the absence of certain erroneous behaviors by classifying program phrases according to the kinds of values they compute. The study of type systems -- and of programming languages from a type-theoretic perspective -- has important applications in software engineering, language design, high-performance compilers, and security.This text provides a comprehensive introduction both to type systems in computer science and to the basic theory of programming languages. The approach is pragmatic and operational; each new concept is motivated by programming examples and the more theoretical sections are driven by the needs of implementations. Each chapter is accompanied by numerous exercises and solutions, as well as a running implementation, available via the Web. Dependencies between chapters are explicitly identified, allowing readers to choose a variety of paths through the material.The core topics include the untyped lambda-calculus, simple type systems, type reconstruction, universal and existential polymorphism, subtyping, bounded quantification, recursive types, kinds, and type operators. Extended case studies develop a variety of approaches to modeling the features of object-oriented languages.

https://www.seas.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/tapl/contents.pdf

Types and Programming Languages

Software architectures shift the focus of developers from lines-of-code to coarser-grained architectural elements and their overall interconnection structure. Architecture description languages (ADLs) have been proposed as modeling notations to support architecture-based development. There is, however, little consensus in the research community on what is an ADL, what aspects of an architecture should be modeled in an ADL, and which of several possible ADLs is best suited for a particular problem. Furthermore, the distinction is rarely made between ADLs on one hand and formal specification, module interconnection, simulation and programming languages on the other. This paper attempts to provide an answer to these questions. It motivates and presents a definition and a classification framework for ADLs. The utility of the definition is demonstrated by using it to differentiate ADLs from other modeling notations. The framework is used to classify and compare several existing ADLs, enabling us, in the process, to identify key properties of ADLs. The comparison highlights areas where existing ADLs provide extensive support and those in which they are deficient, suggesting a research agenda for the future.

/pdf/a-classification-and-comparison-framework-for-software-3so7xapmcq.pdf

A classification and comparison framework for software architecture description languages

This ebook is the first authorized digital version of Kernighan and Ritchie's 1988 classic, The C Programming Language (2nd Ed.). One of the best-selling programming books published in the last fifty years, "K&R" has been called everything from the "bible" to "a landmark in computer science" and it has influenced generations of programmers. Available now for all leading ebook platforms, this concise and beautifully written text is a "must-have" reference for every serious programmers digital library.

As modestly described by the authors in the Preface to the First Edition, this "is not an introductory programming manual; it assumes some familiarity with basic programming concepts like variables, assignment statements, loops, and functions. Nonetheless, a novice programmer should be able to read along and pick up the language, although access to a more knowledgeable colleague will help."

The C programming language

There is a real need for clear and sound design specifications of distributed systems at the architectural level This is the level of the design which deals with the high-level organisation of computational elements and the interactions between those elements The paper presents the Darwin notation for specifying this high-level organisation Darwin is in essence a declarative binding language which can be used to define hierarchic compositions of interconnected components Distribution is dealt with orthogonally to system structuring The language supports the specification of both static structures and dynamic structures which may evolve during execution The central abstractions managed by Darwin are components and services Services are the means by which components interact

Specifying Distributed Software Architectures

Amidst rocketing numbers of enthusiastic Java programmers and internet applet users, there is growing concern about the security of executing Java code produced by external, unknown sources. Rather than waiting to find out empirically what damage Java programs do, we aim to examine first the language and then the environment looking for points of weakness. A proof of the soundness of the Java type system is a first, necessary step towards demonstrating which Java programs won't compromise computer security.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2FBFb0053388.pdf

Java is type safe — Probably

A proof of the soundness of the Java type system is a first, necessary step towards demonstrating which Java programs won't compromise computer security. We consider a subset of Java describing primitive types, classes, inheritance, instance variables and methods, interfaces, shadowing, dynamic method binding, object creation, null, arrays, and exception throwing and handling. We argue that for this subset the type system is sound, by proving that program execution preserves the types, up to subclasses/subinterfaces. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Is the Java type system sound

Java combines the experience from the development of several object oriented languages, such as C++, Smalltalk and Clos. The philosophy of the language designers was to include only features with already known semantics, and to provide a small and simple language.

Describing the Semantics of Java and Proving Type Soundness

Zeno is a new tool for the automatic generation of proofs of simple properties of functions over recursively defined data structures. It takes a Haskell program and an assertion as its goal and tries to contruct a proof for that goal. If successful, it converts the proof into Isabelle code. Zeno searches for a proof tree by iteratively reducing the goal into a conjunction of sub-goals, terminating when all leaves are proven true.

This process requires the exploration of many alternatives. We have adapted known, and developed new, heuristics for the reduction of the search space. Our new heuristics aim to promote the application of function definitions, and avoid the repetition of similar proof steps.

We compare with the rippling based tool IsaPlanner and the industrial strength tool ACL2s on the basis of a test suite from the IsaPlanner website. We found that Zeno compared favourably with these tools both in terms of theorem proving power and speed.

/pdf/zeno-an-automated-prover-for-properties-of-recursive-data-2eelu8ykho.pdf

Susan Eisenbach

Papers

Specifying Distributed Software Architectures

Java is type safe — Probably

Is the Java type system sound

Describing the Semantics of Java and Proving Type Soundness

Zeno: an automated prover for properties of recursive data structures