The chewing lice

The genus Brueelia Keler, 1936a forms the core of the so-called “ Brueelia -complex”, one of the largest and most heterogeneous groups of lice (Phthiraptera). Here we introduce the taxonomic history and present a revision of this group. The limits of the Brueelia-compl ex are discussed. We resurrect the genera Acronirmus Eichler, 1953, Corvonirmus Eichler, 1944, Guimaraesiella Eichler, 1949, Maculinirmus Zlotorzycka, 1964a, Meropsiella Conci, 1941a, Olivinirmus Zlotorzycka, 1964a, Osculonirmus Mey, 1982a, Rostrinirmus Zlotorzycka, 1964a, Traihoriella Ansari, 1947, and Turdinirmus Eichler, 1951. We describe the following new genera: Anarchonirmus n. gen., Aporisticeras n. gen., Aratricerca n. gen., Buphagoecus n. gen., Ceratocista n. gen., Sychraella n. gen., Couala n. gen., Harpactrox n. gen., Hecatrishula n. gen., Indoceoplanetes n. gen., Manucodicola n. gen., Mirandofures n. gen., Nemuus n. gen., Priceiella n. gen., Psammonirmus n. gen., Resartor n. gen., Saepocephalum n. gen., Schizosairhynchus n. gen., Teinomordeus n. gen., Titanomessor n. gen., and Turdinirmoides n. gen.; and the following new subgenera: Camurnirmus n. subgen., Thescelovora n. subgen., Torosinirmus n. subgen., and Capnodella n. subgen. The following 37 new species are described: Anarchonirmus albovittatus n. sp. ex Pomatostomus temporalis strepitans (Mayr & Rand, 1935); Brueelia aguilarae n. sp. ex Euplectes franciscanus pusillus (Hartert, 1901); Brueelia phasmasoma n. sp. ex Coereba flaveola luteola (Cabanis, 1850); Brueelia pseudognatha n. sp. ex Pycnonotus nigricans superior Clancey, 1959; Sychraella sinsutura n. sp. ex Pomatostomus isidorei isidorei Lesson, 1827; Couala dodekopter n. sp. ex Coua cristata pyropyga Grandidier, 1867; Guimaraesiella pandolura n. sp. ex Pericrocotus flammeus semiruber Whistler & Kinnear, 1933; Harpactrox geminodus n. sp. ex Harpactes erythorcephalus erythrocephalus (Gould, 1834); Harpactrox loeiensis n. sp. ex Harpactes erythrorhynchus annamensis (Robinson & Kloss, 1919); Harpactrox pontifrons n. sp. ex Harpactes ardens ardens (Temminck, 1824); Indoceoplanetes ( Capnodella ) loboccupatrix n. sp. ex Lobotos oriolinus Bates, 1909; Indoceoplanetes ( Capnodella ) laurocorythes n. sp. ex Edolisoma holopolium holopolium (Sharpe, 1888); Maculinirmus ljosalfar n. sp. ex Oriolus chinensis diffusus Sharpe, 1877; Manucodicola acantharx n. sp. ex Manucodia ater ater (Lesson, 1830); Manucodicola semiramisae n. sp. ex Phonygammus keraudrenii purpureoviolaceus (Meyer, 1885); Meropoecus balisong n. sp. ex Merops americanus Muller, 1776; Meropoecus bartlowi n. sp. ex Merops ornatus Latham, 1802; Mirandofures altoguineae n. sp. ex Oreostruthus fuliginosus De Vis, 1898; Mirandofures kamena n. sp. ex Erythrura trichroa sigillifer (De Vis, 1897); Nemuus hoedhri n. sp. ex Artamus fuscus Vieillot, 1817; Nemuus imperator n. sp. ex Artamus maximus Meyer, 1874; Priceiella ( Camurnirmus ) hwameicola n. sp. ex Garrulax taewanus Swinhoe, 1859; Priceiella ( Camurnirmus ) paulbrowni n. sp. ex Garrulax leucolophus diardi (Lesson, 1831); Priceiella ( Thescelovora ) alliocephala n. sp. ex Platylophus galericulatus ardesiacus (Bonaparte, 1850); Priceiella ( Torosinirmus ) koka n. sp. ex Turdoides tenebrosa (Hartlaub, 1883); Psammonirmus lunatipectus n. sp. ex Serilophus lunatus lunatus (Gould, 1834); Aratricerca cirithra n. sp. ex Ptiloprora guisei guisei (De Vis, 1894); Saepocephalum stephenfryi n. sp. ex Corcorax melanoramphos (Vieillot, 1817); Schizosairhynchus erysichthoni n. sp. ex Aplonis metallica metallica (Temminck, 1824) and Aplonis metallica nitida (Grey, 1858); Schizosairhynchus minovenator n. sp. ex Mino dumontii Lesson, 1827; Sturnidoecus australafricanus n. sp. ex Corvinella melanoleuca ex pressa Clancey, 1961; Sturnidoecus mon n. sp. ex Euplectes hordeaceus (Linnaeus, 1758); Sturnidoecus porphyrogenitus n. sp. ex Cinnyricinclus leucogaster verreauxi (Bocage, 1870); Sturnidoecus somnodraco n. sp. ex Quelea quelea quelea (Linnaeus, 1758) and Qualea quelea lathami (Smith, 1836); Teinomordeus entelosetus n. sp. ex Eurocephalus rueppelli Bonaparte, 1853; Titanomessor sexloba n. sp. ex Laniarius erythrogaster (Cretzschmar, 1829); and Turdinirmus australissimus n. sp. ex Zoothera lunulata lunulata (Latham, 1802). The name Olivinirmus paraffinis nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement for the preoccupied Brueelia affinis Carriker, 1963. We place 23 names in synonymy, and we consider 6 species as incertae sedis , 2 names as nomina nuda , and transfer 14 species names to genera not belonging to the Brueelia -complex. We redescribe and illustrate most of the type species of the genera or subgenera included in this revision. Keys to genera, subgenera, and species groups are given, together with updated louse-host and host-louse checklists for 426 species of lice currently placed in the Brueelia -complex, including 183 new host-louse records.

Morphological revision of the hyperdiverse Brueelia -complex (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) with new taxa, checklists and generic key

Parasites are essential elements in healthy natural ecosystems. Also, they constitute most of the world's biodiversity. Therefore, they deserve to be conserved together with their hosts. 2. The Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) is the most endangered felid in the world because it only survives in two isolated populations in the Iberian Peninsula, with no more than 300 free-ranging individuals. 3. Felicola (Lorisicola) isodoroi is a louse exclusively parasitic on the Iberian lynx, and it appears to be scarcer and therefore more endangered than its host. 4. Current management activities devoted to the conservation of the Iberian lynx, such as reproduction in captivity for restocking, could compromise the survival of its louse species. 5. In this article we revise the ectoparasites of the Iberian lynx and discuss their potential role for transmission of pathogens. 6. Also, we propose measures which could enhance the survival of F. (L.) isidoroi.

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The dilemma of conserving parasites: the case of Felicola (Lorisicola) isidoroi (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) and its host, the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)

Ten new species of chewing lice in the genus Brueelia Keler, 1936, are described from hosts in the families Paridae, Regulidae, and Sittidae. They are: Brueelia johnsoni n. sp. from Poecile sclateri eidos (Peters, 1927); Brueelia juniperi n. sp. from Baeolophus ridgwayi ridgwayi (Richmond, 1902); Brueelia kabulica n. sp. from Sitta tephronota tephronota Sharpe, 1872; Brueelia mpumalangensis n. sp. from Melaniparus niger niger (Vieillot, 1818); Brueelia nazae n. sp. from Parus cinereus caschmirensis Hartert, 1905; Brueelia oxyrhyncha n. sp. from Sitta nagaensis nagaensis Godwin-Austen, 1874; Brueelia picea. sp. from Parus major excelsus Buvry, 1857; Brueelia ragusica n. sp. from Sitta neumayer neumayer Michahelles, 1830; Brueelia regulicida n. sp. from Regulus calendula grinnelli Palmer, 1897; Brueelia sittacola n. sp. from Sitta carolinensis carolinensis Latham, 1790. Brueelia regulicida is the first Brueelia-complex louse to be described from the host family Regulidae. Collectively, the Brueelia of parid, regulid, and sittid hosts show two peculiar patterns. Firstly, lice on closely related hosts appear to be distantly related. Secondly, lice on most hosts in these families appear to be more closely related to lice on other host families than to each other. This contradicts the traditional view that Brueelia-complex lice on closely related hosts are themselves closely related. Potentially, the tendency of the hosts to participate in mixed-species feeding flocks may explain some of these patterns.

http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/94428.pdf

Ten new species of Brueelia Kéler, 1936 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from nuthatches (Aves: Passeriformes: Sittidae), tits and chickadees (Paridae), and goldcrests (Regulidae).

Thirteen species of chewing lice in theBrueelia-complex are redescribed and illustrated. They are:BrueeliablagovescenskyiBalát, 1955, exEmberizaschoeniclus(Linnaeus, 1758);B.breueriBalát, 1955, exChlorischloris(Linnaeus, 1758);B.conocephala(Blagoveshchensky, 1940) exSittaeuropaea(Linnaeus, 1758);B.ferianciBalát, 1955, exAnthustrivialis(Linnaeus, 1758);B.gliziBalát, 1955, exFringillamontifringillaLinnaeus, 1758;B.kluziBalát, 1955, exFringillacoelebsLinnaeus, 1758;B.kratochviliBalát, 1958, exMotacillaflavaLinnaeus, 1758;B.matvejeviBalát, 1981, exTurdusviscivorusLinnaeus, 1758;B.pelikaniBalát, 1958, exEmberizamelanocephalaScopoli, 1769;B.rosickyiBalát, 1955, exSylvianisoria(Bechstein, 1792);B.vanekiBalát, 1981, exAcrocephalusschoenobaenus(Linnaeus, 1758);Guimaraesiellahaftorni(Balát, 1958) exTurdusiliacusLinnaeus, 1758;G.lais(Giebel, 1874) exLusciniamegarhynchos(Brehm, 1831). Redescriptions are made from type material where available. Holotypes are identified in Balát’s material when possible, and lectotypes are designated forB.blagovescenskyi,B.breueri,B.glizi,B.ferianci,B.kluzi,B.kratochvili,B.pelikani, andB.rosickyi; a neotype ofNirmuslaisGiebel, 1874 is designated.BrueeliaweberiBalát, 1982, is placed as a synonym ofBrueeliaconocephala(Blagoveshchensky, 1940).

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Redescriptions of thirteen species of chewing lice in the Brueelia-complex (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera, Philopteridae), with one new synonymy and a neotype designation for Nirmus lais Giebel, 1874

Some Mallophaga (Brueeliinae) from birds of the family Fringillidae

Analysis of the electromobility of different proteinic fractions of Bovicola limbatus (Mallophaga: Insecta)

Bovicola limbata Gervais, 1844 has been cultured in vitro at 35 +/- 1.5 degrees and 75 +/- 5% R.H. using scrapings from goatskin and host hair as food. In these conditions its complete life cycle has been obtained. New data are given on the biology of this species: maximum, minimum and average number of eggs laid per female; reabsorbed, embryonal, hatched and unhatched eggs; percentage of specimens that reached the second, third and adult instars; mortality percentage in the first, second and third instars.

In vitro culture of Bovicola limbata Gervais, 1844 (Mallophaga), study of its survival and life cycle.

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Alimentation et milieux utilises dans l'elevage au laboratoire des Mallophages de Capra hircus: Influence du diametre du poil ou de la fibre artificielle

TAXONOMIE BIOCHIMIQUE : ÉLECTROMOBILITÉ DES DIFFÉRENTES FRACTIONS PROTÉIQUES DES MALES ET DES FEMELLES DE(LINOGNATHUS OVIFORMIS RUDOW, 1869(ANOPLURA: INSECTA). Lu cuructérisution des protéines totales des mâles et des femelles de Linognathus oviformis u été étublie pur SDS-PAGE. N ous uwons obtenu les wuleurs du R (mb), Rx et Rf de chacune des bandes. Une étude de chacune des bandes a été uussi,fuite en fonction de son Pm. Cette étude est lu première de ce type réalisée dans l’ordre des Anopluru.

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Biochemical taxonomy : analysis of electromobility of distinct proteinic fractions of the male and female of Linognathus oviformis Rudow, 1869 ( Anoplura : Insecta )

Susana Muñoz-Parra

Papers

Some Mallophaga (Brueeliinae) from birds of the family Fringillidae

Analysis of the electromobility of different proteinic fractions of Bovicola limbatus (Mallophaga: Insecta)

In vitro culture of Bovicola limbata Gervais, 1844 (Mallophaga), study of its survival and life cycle.

Alimentation et milieux utilises dans l'elevage au laboratoire des Mallophages de Capra hircus: Influence du diametre du poil ou de la fibre artificielle

Biochemical taxonomy : analysis of electromobility of distinct proteinic fractions of the male and female of Linognathus oviformis Rudow, 1869 ( Anoplura : Insecta )